CHOKAMB AND KOTRI DCJNS. 79 



that a still younger member will be then introduced with the new dis- 

 turbance zone, namely, what are now the Bh£bar gravels and alluvium 

 of the Ganges valley. 



Sixthly, I think we are entitled to consider it in the highest 

 degree probable, amounting almost to certainty, that the five revers- 

 ed faults cannot have been contemporaneously produced. I have 

 laid especial stress on the part these faults play throughout the section, 

 first, because of their magnitude, and, secondly, because of their 

 undoubted connection with the flexures into which the earth's crust 

 has been thrown. They are de facto the ultimate expression of a 

 flexure, and, therefore, cannot be separated from the flexures of the 

 strata between which they lie. 



If then, as I have repeatedly insisted, the older zones show more 

 folding than the younger zones, and if that is to be imputed to the 

 longer intervals of time in which they have suffered compression (than 

 which I see no other explanation), then we must also believe that 

 the fold-fault between two older zones must be of remoter antiquity 

 than a fold-fault between two younger zones. Thus, not only does 

 each disturbance zone as we travel south exhibit a set of strata 

 younger, as regards the mean time of its deposition in the form of 

 sediment, but, also, each disturbance zone, from the point of view of 

 its disturbance, must be regarded as a younger product than the zone 

 immediately to the north of it. Therefore, pari passu with deposi- 

 tion of these sets of strata at the margin of the Himalaya, there 

 has gone on a crushing and upheaval of their neighbour zones 

 to the north, which has resulted in stranding them, periodically, one 

 after the other, in the form of these disturbance bands ; thereby add- 

 ing, by an unconscious accretive evolution, fresh strata to the moun- 

 tain mass as the ages rolled along. 



Chokamb and Kotri DOns. 



Under this heading I shall include the whole of the country be- 



< , „ tween the Rdmganga and Pelani rivers, on the 



Surface features. ° 



one hand, and the Kho R. at Kotdwar (Kotdwara) 



( 137 ) 



