country between kotah dun and nepal. 97 



Country between the kotah dun and the western frontier 



OF NEPAL. 



We may now return to the point whence we started at the 



beginning of this chapter, namely, the Kotah 

 General remarks. . . 



dun ; and travel in imagination over the remain- 

 der of the Sub-Himalayan country intervening between that point 

 and the Sarda R. The latter marks the boundary between Kumaun 

 and Nep£l ; and where it issues from the hills is as great and im- 

 portant a river as the Ganges at Hardwar. The river-basin forms a 

 main artery for such commerce as the hills afford ; it being thronged 

 during the greater part of the colder months by Bhootia traders 

 and other travellers to and from the higher hills. This part of E. 

 Kumaun possesses no regular duns, although the valley of the 

 Nandhaur, a few miles above Aonla Khera, approximates very closely 

 -to one. This is accounted for by the prevailing rock being Nahan 

 sandstone; whilst the M. and U. Siwaliks only appear as a few 

 closely approximating thin bands in the central and wider portion 

 of this Sub-Himalayan tract. 



Having described with some minuteness the several portions of 

 the country taken up in the earlier part of this chapter, in order to 

 gradually familiarise the reader with the type of Sub-Himalayan rock 

 structure, it will be unnecessary now to so closely detail each river 

 section. Much of the country being a monotonous repetition of 

 Nahan sandstones, with no striking peculiarities and no prominent 

 geological horizons, there will be nothing lost by this brief treatment. 

 Those parts, however, near the head of the Nandhaur and the Sara 

 N., where a very complicated arrangement of the strata ensues, will 

 be given due attention in the sequel. 



We have already seen (p. 33) that the eastern edge of the 



Geological structure Kotah dun rises abruptly into a hio-h rirW nf 



south of Naini Tal. w . n „„ . , .* 5 gC or 



Nahan sandstone, with numerous transverse 



side ridges and spurs ; and that the Siwalik conglomerate of the dun is 



disposed horizontally against the up-turned edges of those sandstones, 



G ( '55 ) 



