COUNTRY BETWEEN KOTAH DUN AND NEPAL. 99 



reach of the Gola R. divides uppermost Nahans from an old volcanic 

 and granitic set of rocks to the north of it : in other words, the inverted 

 half of the synclinal in the Nahans is not preserved here. It will be 

 remembered that near the head of the K£nia (40) and Timal (41) s6ts 

 a similar cross-fault was accompanied by a like disparity in the 

 sequence of the beds on each side of it. We had the uninjured syn- 

 clinal in the sand-rock and Siwalik conglomerate on the east side 

 of the cross-fault (corresponding to the uninjured inverted synclinal 

 west of the Balia fault), and the ordinary ascending series with reversed 

 fault on the west side of the fault (corresponding to the similar arrange- 

 ment on the east side of the Balia fault). The difficulty of assigning 

 the right order of cause and effect in the production of this arrange- 

 ment is as great in the present case as in the previous one. 



This river rises among Himalayan rocks, and after a while traverses 

 very nearly along the line of the main boundary 

 fault, and finally at Rdnibagh turns south, cut- 

 ting a gorge for itself through the Nahans to the plains. Tracing its 

 course up stream from Kathgodim we find the section through the 

 Nahans to be a very striking one as far as R£nibagh, on account of 

 the great masses of strata that it reveals ; bed after bed of sandstone 

 and purple shale or hardened nodular clays coming into view with 

 very nearly vertical dips over this i£ miles of its course. I have 

 already (Chapter III) drawn attention to the very great thickness to 

 which the Sub-Himalayan formations attain ; the Nahan band in the 

 Kotri stream being over 6,000 feet and the bottom not seen there as 

 elsewhere in this region. To the mere traveller by the tonga road to 

 Naini Tal, or to the fisherman working his way along by its pools, the 

 Gola Resection is a perplexing and striking one from the vast amount of 

 strata laid bare. Even the geologist maybe excused for momentarily 

 losing his head when he passes across strata of one rock stage attain- 

 ing such profound thicknesses. He may mentally compare this section 

 with the sections exposed on the south face of the Salt Range, where 

 the whole Palaeozoic and Mesozoic record, including silurian, carboni- 

 ferous, triassic, Jurassic and cretaceous rocks, at its greatest is but 

 G2 ( 157 ) 



