102 M1DDLEM1SS : PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF SUB-HIMALAYA. 



stream, sharply marked off from the Nahan sandstone by the fault ; 

 but such detail belongs to the history of the strictly Himalayan forma- 

 tions, and cannot be introduced here in a memoir devoted to the Sub- 

 Himalaya only. 



From a little east of Amratpur the main boundary follows the 

 actual river-bed to a little beyond Amia. All along this line the 

 rocks on both sides are much crushed. It then crosses and re-crosses 

 the river, and afterwards follows a line north-east of the village of 

 Jamirani ; the distinction between the two sets of rocks being well 

 marked at the surface. The line of the main boundary has now gra- 

 dually become south-east and north-west, instead of east and west, — 

 a direction which takes it once more along the south side of the Gola 

 R. close by the village of Murkundia. At the last-mentioned place a 

 complication is introduced by these uppermost Nahans becoming still 

 softer until they merge into a thin band of the sand-rock stage strik- 

 ing in the direction of Patrani. The map will shew how this band 

 runs, the composing beds dipping 6o° N. E. Its northern edge does 

 not abut against the main boundary itself, but against more Nahans 

 of a very low horizon from which it is separated by a reversed 

 fault. E. S. E. of Murkundia these Nahans may be seen to be 

 of a very hard and dark type of sandstone, dipping 6o° and 8o° N. 

 by E. The main boundary to the north of the latter has now 

 diverged entirely from the Go\£ R. and crosses the Karai-ki-gadh ob- 

 liquely, and then re-crosses it some 2J miles higher up, from which 

 point it slopes gradually up the hill-side to Shali lake (65) and Lohak- 

 him temple, taking a direction about E. S. E. There are now two bands 

 of Nahans and an intermediate one of sand-rock, occupying the Sub- 

 Himalayan area. The narrow band of M. Siwalik sand-rock at 

 Patrani trends south-east into the Nandhaur R., a little east of 

 Khon£ni (66), and concomitantly the Nahan band to the north widens 

 and shews several closely packed folds. 



The portion of the Nandhaur R. below Khona*ni resembles in its 

 general curve that of the Gola R, and of many 



Nandhaur R. . •'*»>. 



of the rivers further west, e. g., the Kosi, 



( 160 ) 



