COUNTRY BETWEEN KOTAH DUN AND NEPAL. IO3 



Rdmganga, Ganges, and Beas, inasmuch as it first follows the strike of 

 the beds and then by a bend (in the opposite direction to the hands 

 of a watch) gradually works across the strike of the beds as it escapes 

 to the plains at Chorgalia. Beyond the very interesting discovery of 

 fossil leaves in the Nahan sandstone of this locality, there is but little 

 to remark with reference to the lower parts of this river. The 

 normal Sub-Himalayan dip prevails of 6o° N. E. or E. N. E., until be- 

 yond Khonini, when we gradually strike the sand-rock band, a con- 

 tinuation of that at Patr£ni. As far as the Asni ga*dh (67) this band is 

 not very broad, and it passes down into the sandstone to the south of it 

 with which it conforms in direction and amount of dip. To the north 

 its relation to the northern Nahan band is first normal, dipping steep- 

 ly 8o°, &c, to the south, as exhibited in a few stream beds such as the 

 Asni and Aonla Kh6ra gddhs. The valley of the Nandhaur, there- 

 fore, near Aonla Khera(68),in its very apparent widening, expresses 

 this synclinal in the sand-rock ; which is shortly to be supplemented 

 further east by Siwalik conglomerate being enfolded in that synclinal, 

 the latter at the same time gradually becoming inversed as to its nor- 

 thern limb. The river at this position keeps to the south of the con- 

 glomerate by a series of sharp twists in steep-walled gorges. Further 

 up stream, E. of Gaunia* Rau (69), it widens again, and the landscape 

 is very beautiful and undulating ; the inversed northern limb in the 

 Siwalik conglomerate becomes lost, as also that of the sand-rock. We 

 then have the Siwalik conglomerate dipping in normal order against, 

 and separated by a reversed fault from, the Nahans ; or, if there be a 

 thin band of the sand-rock between the two, it is completely hidden 

 in all the exposures in the side-streams. The regular descending 

 series from the reversed fault at the Nahans, through Siwalik conglo- 

 merate and sand-rock down to Nahans again, is evidently the normal 

 Sub-Himalayan structure, such as was observed characteristically in 

 the Pa*tli dun. The Nandhaur valley, along this reach, very much 

 resembles a. dun ; it becomes broad and flat, and the river winds about 

 in serpentine curves among recent gravel banks covered with sissoo 

 and khair. The high dip of 6o° and 70 in the conglomerate is the 



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