Jo8 M1DDLEMISS: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF SUB-HIMALAYA. 



Just as in the PelAni R., therefore, we have by an independent 

 mode of reasoning arrived at the same conclusion, namely, that the 

 reversed faults bounding different zones of the Sub-Himalaya are 

 successional and not contemporaneous, and that therefore we cannot 

 ascribe the whole of the folds and faults therein exhibited to one 

 great earth-paroxysm of Post-Siwalik age. 



Section XIII, further west, shews at the surface an apparently 

 S ti n at the head consecutive ascending series in the Siwalik con- 

 of the Sara N. glomerate from the Sara N. to the Mawala pani- 



gdd (74). That such is deceptive, however, and that the reversed fault 

 (Nahan-Siwalik boundary) is really present, but hidden, is indicat- 

 ed very plainly by the change in the conglomerate near the top of 

 the ridge. It becomes almost entirely made up of large boulders of 

 Nahan sandstone, instead of the elsewhere prevalent quartzite peb- 

 bles. The main boundary is overlapped by the conglomerate in the 

 same way as in the last section. 



Finally, section XIV begins to shew a return to the ordinary posi- 



S ction south of ^ on seen * n tne N an dhaur R. The Siwalik con- 

 Durgapipal. glomerate on the uplift side of the Nahan-Siwa- 



lik fault still over-rides a portion of the Nahans, but it does not pass 

 across the main boundary. In addition, there is preserved a thin 

 band of the sand-rock to the north of the uplifted Siwalik conglo- 

 merate. The latter is very remarkable for the large amount of the 

 torrent boulders of Nahan sandstone contained in it. A somewhat 

 parallel change in the sand-rock is also to be noticed. It becomes 

 slightly conglomeratic, with pebbles of quartzite in it, though it never 

 can be mistaken for the Siwalik conglomerate even for a moment. 

 The main boundary from near the head of the Raiala gid crosses 



Country east of Rai- through a gap in the ridge north of Maitiabanj, 

 ala gad and Kalaunia N. anc i f rom that point gradually descends the hill- 

 slopes to the north; after which it strikes the Ladhia R. ij miles 

 W.S.W. of Uparkot. Thence it keeps J mile south of Uparkot, join- 

 ing the Ladhia R. again i£ miles further east j after which it follows a 

 line generally coincident with the Ladhia as far as the Nepal frontier. 

 ( 166 ) 



