114 MIDDLEMISS: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF SUB-HIMALAYA. 



Another general consideration that strikes us in looking over 

 , ■ ■ the petrological characteristics of the Tertiaries 



" A well defined r & 



petrographical whole of is that they present, as Mr. Medlicott has shewn, 



some order." 



11 a well defined petrographical whole of some 



order." There is no alternation of deposits, such as would indicate 

 a fluctuating condition of the earth's crust, except on a small scale. 

 The whole set of deposits is steadily evolving in one direction. As 

 to how this evolution, depending as we have seen on a wave of ele- 

 vation proceeding from east to west, took place, we shall enquire 

 later ; I am at present merely drawing attention to those conclusions 

 which follow from a simple inspection of the material and fossil con- 

 tents of the rocks. 



A marked feature, on which I would lay stress, is that throughout 

 Absence of metamor- the whole of the Tertiary zone there is no meta- 

 p lsm * morphism of the strata, beyond a mere harden- 



ing of the lowermost beds by age. There is not even the presence 

 of trap in the lowest Tertiaries, such as has been shown to exist in 

 the Sind area and probably in that of Laddk. In the Gola R. I have 

 described granite and trap in close conjunction with the Nahans, but 

 from their not influencing the latter and from other reasons we have 

 seen that they must be regarded as pre-Tertiary. At Kotedwar, also ; 

 in the area treated of in this memoir, we have an example of the near 

 approach of the main boundary to the intrusive gneissose granite of 

 Kdlogarhi (Kcilandanda), which is only about five miles away; but as 

 there is no more metamorphism of the Tertiaries, including the num- 

 mulitics, in this position than elsewhere, we must without doubt rele- 

 gate that gneissose granite at least to a pre-Tertiary time. Thus the 

 absence of metamorphism in the Tertiary rocks pre-disposes us to 

 regard the whole of the intrusive granite of the Himalaya as at least as 

 old as pre-Tertiary — a point which has been disputed by some authors. 1 

 Beyond the few inferences above, I do not think we can draw 



No evidence of gla- m ° re fr0m a P urel y P etrolo § ical examination 

 cial conditions. f the Tertiary strata. I see no evidence 



' See McMahon, Rec, G.S.I., XVI., p. 192. 

 ( 172 ) 



