I 1 8 MIDDLEM1SS: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OK SUB-HIMALAYA. 



the nummulitics and other strata continuing without alteration in 

 thickness for a distance of thirty or forty miles? I think not; the 

 outcrops of different beds would constantly impinge against the fault, 

 so that the fault would now lie to the north of one formation, and 

 now of another, whilst it would never continue for any distance in- 

 separably connected with a single formation. 



Thus, coming back to the state of things as they are in the 

 region before us, I see no escape from the conclusion that the 

 unvarying thickness of the outcrop of the uppermost member of 

 a disturbance zone is the direct projection on the surface of the 

 earth of a deposit of unvarying thickness from one end to the 

 other of the exposure .; that is to say, of a deposit that has never 

 suffered denudation to any extent before the folding process began. 

 But it is clear that, if the strata were not elevated above the line 

 of deposition, they must have been depressed beneath it, and there- 

 fore in the act of forming, up to the moment of their upheaval and 

 crushing. 



The concrete result of this somewhat cumbrous argument is that 

 we can supplement the inference that the five reversed faults in the 

 Pelini R. were not contemporaneous, but successional, by the addi- 

 tional inference that the date of the production of each must have 

 been a little later than that of the formation which "lies to the south 

 of each. Therefore, the southermost reversed fault in the R^mganga- 

 PeUni section was produced, or at least completed, about the conclu- 

 sion of the U. Siwalik stage ; the next reversed fault about the con- 

 clusion of the M. Siwalik stage ; the third reversed fault about the 

 conclusion of the Nahan stage ; the fourth about the conclusion of the 

 nummulitic stage; and the fifth doubtfully at some period between 

 the massive limestone and nummulitic stage 



Another important point in connection with this subject is that 

 „ , _ , lt in nearly every case I believe the fold-fault to 



Each reversed fault * ■ 



represents an ancient have taken place approximately near to the 



shore line, or mountain- . . . 



foot; «.*., a limit of de- original shore-line or mountain-foot, as the case 

 posl lon * may be ; so that these reversed faults are at the 



( «76 ) 



