I 2 LAKE : GEOLOGY OF SOUTH MALABAR. 



from north to south ; but towards the north the direction changes 

 slightly. The foliation of most of the other gneiss is east to west, 

 but it curves round the quartzose masses in a peculiar manner. 



The foliation of the gneiss does not always coincide with the 

 banding. Thus, in the hills south of Mungadda (near Pandalur Hill), 

 the bands or beds of gneiss strike nearly north to south (dipping 

 west), while the foliation is 22° S. of E. Similarly near Pattambi (on 

 the Ponna*ni River), the railway section shows beds dipping west, 

 and close to the railway these bands are seen to strike north to 

 south ; but the lamination is 5 S. of E. Near Cherpalcheri, Wata- 

 palam, and other places in the south-eastern part of the area, the 

 banding and lamination seem to agree. The strike is about east to 

 west, but it curves round the southern end of the quartzose gneiss mass. 

 In the north-western part of the area it is not at all improbable that 

 the bedding may be parallel to the axis of the anticlinal described, 

 though the lamination is east to west. 



In the case of the higher ridges (Chikmala, north of the Beypore 

 River, and the line of hills comprising Urotmala, Pandalur, &c), the 

 lamination is parallel to the direction of the ridge. 



The same order, which is found among the different varieties 

 of gneiss in proceeding from the most quartzose to the coast, is found 

 also in ascending some of the higher hills. Near Eddawannah the 

 gneiss in the river is of the quartzose type. If we climb the ridge 

 just north of the river, we soon leave the quartzose rock and come 

 to a very hornblendic variety, which reaches up to a height of 700 

 feet. The upper part of the ridge is composed of garnetiferous 

 gneiss. 



Similarly, the low r er part of Pranak6d Hill near Angddipuram 

 is composed largely of hornblendic gneiss, and the upper part cf 

 quartz-hornblende-felspar gneiss of the garnetiferous type. 



Quartzose or lowest gneiss. — The typical form of this gneiss has 



already been described. It usually consists of quartz and hornblende, 



Quartz masses and sometimes of quartz and mica. Sometimes the 



beds> hornblende is entirely absent, and we find bands 



( 212 ) 



