LAKE: GEOLOGY OF SOUTH MALABAR. 



small high caps close to Perintalmanna (near Angddipuram), this 

 laterite is laminated, and the laminae of the gneiss below project into 

 it. On the hills north of Kadananjeri the plateau, which is there low, 

 has two sets of joints at right angles to each other. Near Mambram 

 (close to Tirurangadi) the laterite is obscurely laminated, the direction 

 of lamination being nearly east to west, which is also that of the fo- 

 liation of the nearest gneiss. 



The extent of ground occupied by plateau laterite is consider- 

 able. It covers almost the whole of what is left of the plain of marine 

 denudation, and is found nowhere else. All the laterite below the 

 level of the plain must be referred to one of the other groups. 



But the plain of marine denudation has been very much cut up 

 by denudation and only remnants of it, and therefore of the plateau 

 laterite, are left, and these must now be pointed out. 



Towards the coast (see Fig. i) there is not always a sharp 

 line between the plateau laterite and that of the valleys, and it is 

 enough for the present that the higher parts of the ridges are covered 

 by the former and the long slopes by the latter. 



But further inland the distinction is well marked. To the north 

 of Malapuram a ridge capped by the highest laterite runs from north 

 to south between Urotmala and Pandalur Hill. The " Cholera 

 Hill" near the barracks is an outlying part of this ridge. On the 

 other side of the river, to the south-east, the high flat hills of Kuddoo- 

 cotah and Perindatry are also remains of the plateau. The line is 

 continued by the hills south of Kurkadum 1 and the high hills south 

 of Mungadda, and finally by the two little caps on the high summit 

 close to Perintalmanna. All these are capped by laterite, and all are 

 of nearly the same height. Further to the south-east the line is not 

 continued, but descending is merged in the laterite of the plain at 

 the foot of the Ghats. 



South of the river flowing from Angcidipuram to Malapuram, there 

 is another line of high laterite-capped hills. It is much more conti- 



1 These and other names are used to refer to the points marked on the Atlas Sheets. 

 The " villages " themselves are scattered and cover wide areas. 



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