14 DIENER : GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF CHITICHUN. 



Lugeon, 1 Kilian, Haug, and other French geologists to explain the 

 formation of a number of Klippen in the Provence and in the West- 

 ern Alps. 



The Klippen, to which this explanation applies, are considered 

 neither as outcrops, shorn off from a crushed anticlinal (Neumayr, 

 Studer), nor as fragments of an older mountain range (Stache, Uhlig, 

 Renevier), but as the last isolated relics of enormous recumbent 

 folds 2 (plis couches) or overthrusts. In this way, for instance, the 

 presence of a triassic crag in the cretaceous basin of Le Beausset 

 is explained by Bertrand, 3 He proved this crag not to be an 

 outcrop of older rocks, but to rest on the younger cretaceous strata, 

 which on every side dip below the triassic beds and are separated 

 from the latter by a quaquaversal thrust plane. The term " lambeaux 

 de recouvrement " has been introduced to designate crags of a 

 similar structure, the origin of which widely differs from that of the 

 Carpathian Klippen. In the cretaceous coal basin of Fuveau the 

 superposition of the triassic (Muschelkalk and Keuper) crags on the 

 cretaceous strata has been actually proved by the construction of a 

 tunnel, which traversed the cretaceous rocks underneath the fariassic 

 u lambeau de recouvrement , i} 



A similar explanation has been given by Kilian and Haug for a 

 number of crags in the Ubaye region. 4 But the structure of these 

 crags seems to be altogether different from that of the Carpathian 

 Klippen. The Ubaye crags consist of deposits of the so-called 

 Brianconnais facies resting on Dauphine facies, and their mode of 



1 M. Lugeon, La region de la Breche du Chablais, Bull, des services de la carte geolo- 



gique de la France, VII, No. 49, Paris 1896. 



2 B. Willis. — The mechanics of Appalachian structure, XIII Annual Report of the U. S. 



Geological Survey, p. 221. 

 M. Bertrand. — Coupes de la chaine de Ste. Beaume, Bull. Soc. Geol. ser iii, XIII, 1885, 

 p. ] 15, and: Hot triasique du Beausset, analogie avec le bassin houiller franco-beige 

 et avec les Alpes de Glaris, ibid XV, 1886-87, p. 667-702. 

 4 E. Haug.— Les chaines subalpines entre Gap et Digne, Bull, des services de la carte 

 geologique de la France, III, i89i-92,No. 21; W . Kilian and E. Haug, Esquisse de 

 la structure geologique des environs de Barcelonnette (Basses»Alpes), Travaux du 

 laboratoire de g^ologie de la faculte des sciences de Grenoble, 1894-95, III, 2, 

 fasc. p. 6. 



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