POINTS OF ANALOGY. 19 



Tibetan crags from the Himalayan folds, the independent strike of the 

 chain of crags to which Chitichun No. I belongs, having been ascer- 

 tained for a distance of 13 km. 



3- — A certain analogy of the Tibetan crags with those of the I berg 

 type in the Helvetian region between the lakes of Brienz and 

 Walenstadt cannot be. denied. Like the latter crags they are con- 

 fined to a synclinal area. The crags of the Chitichun region rest 

 on a synclinal of Spiti shales and Gieumal sandstones, fringed on three 

 sides by triassic anticlinals. The Swiss crags rest in exactly the 

 same manner on a synclinal of eocene flysch, forming a sort of trough 

 between an outer (Pilatus-Autrig) and an inner range (Brienzer Grat- 

 Brisen-Bauenstocke-Raderten) of anticlinal folds. 



^.— A feature, which is quite peculiar to the Tibetan crags and has 

 as yet not been discovered in any of the hitherto known chains of 

 Klippen or lambeaux de recouvretnent, is their intimate association 

 with intrusive igneous rocks. The local occurrence of eruptive 

 materials within the zone of Carpathian Klippen is of a very slight 

 importance only, if compared with the predominant part taken by 

 intrusive igneous rocks (diabase-porphyrites) in the structure of the 

 Chitichun area. 



In the preceding description it has been demonstrated that the 

 largest of our Tibetan crags are nearly imbedded in eruptive materi- 

 als, that neither in the crag east of Sangcha Talla encamping ground 

 nor in Chitichun No. I, a direct contact of the limestone crag with 

 the apparently underlying sandstones or shales has been observed, 

 but that an intermediate layer of igneous rocks and of their tufa is 

 inserted between the two formations. The igneous rocks cannot be 

 of older than at least cretaceous age, having penetrated both the 

 shales and sandstones and the crags in succession. Nor can the 

 formation of the crags as structural features be younger than the 

 eruption of the diabase-porphyrites which must have intruded them 

 in situ } at the place where they are at present situated. 



5. — There is no indication of any deposits of a littoral character in 

 C2 ( 19 ) 



