Qb HAYDEN: GEOLOGY OF TIRAH AND BAZAR VALLEY. 



On the Geology of Tirah and the Bazar Valley, by H. H. Hayden, 



B.A., B.E., Assistant Superintendent^ Geological Survey 

 of India. (With plates V and VI). 



Introduction. 

 The following paper is compiled from notes made by me while 

 attached to the Tirah Expeditionary Force, during the months of 

 October to December, 1897. 



The area examined consists of parts of the country lying between 



the Sama"na range and the southern slopes of the 



Safed Koh, with portions of the Khaibar, Chura 



and the Baza*r Valley. Of this area, the geology was in part known 



from the survey made by Mr. Griesbach 1 in 



Previous observers. . 



1891, yet there still remained a considerable 

 portion the geology of which could only be conjectured, and although 

 the nature of the late expedition was such as. to preclude the pos- 

 sibility of an exhaustive examination of the still unmapped country, 

 yet — the route followed by the troops crossing the strike of the 

 strata at right angles — opportunity was afforded for an examination 

 of almost the entire sequence of beds between the Samdna range and 

 the southern slopes of the Safed Koh. 



I propose to divide this paper into two sections : the first dealing 

 with the country south of the Safed Koh and its eastern extension, 

 the Surghar range, and the second dealing with the area lying north 

 of those ranges. 



I.— The area south of the Safed Koh. 

 Orographically this area consists of four main mountain ranges 

 parallel to one another and running almost due 

 E. W. These ranges are separated by longitu- 

 dinal troughs, but locally connected with one another by spurs trend- 



1 Vide his paper on " The Geology of the Safed Koh." Rec. G. S. f., Vol. XXV, p. 59. 



In the same paper will be found a list of the most important literature bearing on the sub- 

 ject. Since the above list was made by Mr. Griesbach, no fresh addition has been made to our 

 knowledge of the geology of the area. 



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