AREA SOUTH OF THE SAF&D KOH. IOI 



almost entirely of the remains of ostrea ; none of these fossils, 

 however, are sufficiently well preserved for identification. 



Above the oyster bed is another narrow band of red shale, only 

 ... a few feet in thickness ; its upper portion is 



Nummulitic limestone. 



highly calcareous and contains nummulites. Upon 

 this lies a bed, some 200 feet thick, composed of nummulitic lime- 

 stone. The whole sequence is then exactly repeated in reverse order 

 down to the middle of the shale (b), which is brought into abrupt 

 contact with the dark cretaceous limestone already mentioned. 



The nummulitic limestone is a dark grey, very compact variety, 

 exactly resembling the nummulitic limestone of Tsinghe la in Zans- 

 kar, and composed of large numbers of small nummulites ; below it is a 

 band of crushed shaley limestone, containing larger nummulites, some 

 specimens being over an inch in diameter. The upper portion of 

 the shale underlying this bed contains numerous cylindrical rods of 

 the limestone, evidently resulting from the great pressure to which 

 the beds have been subjected. 



The following is the sequence of eocene 



Sequence of eocene beds. . * 



rocks as seen in Tirah ; — 



e. Nummulitic limestone, passing through shaley limestone 



with nummulites, into 

 d. Reddish shale. About 10 feet. 



c. Shaley limestone, with remains of ostrea* About 2 feet, 



b. Reddish-brown, finely-laminated needle-shales. About 



150 feet. 

 a. Calcareous sandstone (conglomeratic at base). About 



100 feet. 



I found no tertiary rocks younger than eocene. 

 Cretaceous. — By far the greater part of Tirah is composed of 

 rocks of cretaceous age. They are first seen 



Samdna. 



on the southern slopes of the oamana range ; 

 where they underlie, with perfect conformity, the lower tertiary 



( lol ) 



