106 HAYDEN : GEOLOGY OF TIRAH AND BAZAR VALLEY. 



for many miles along the river-bed, being, however, covered up 



by recent gravels and alluvium terraces on either side of the 



stream. Both from the position of the above 



Age of the beds. 



series of beds in the Bdra Valley and also from 

 the fact that they occur also in the Baz3r Valley, where they 

 overlie beds of permian age, there can be little doubt that they 

 represent the triassic system. 



In the Bira Valley unfortunately their junction with the older 

 Junction between trias beds is not clearly seen, but between Sandana 



and older beds. and g her Khe ^ abQufc ^ mUes west Qf the 



latter village, the river takes a slight bend and runs up to the foot 

 of the Surghar hills, which rise steeply from its northern bank. 



These hills consist of a hard, dark blue slate, with bands and 



, patches of white quartzite, all greatly indurated 



and dipping at high angles to the north. These 



are, no doubt, a continuation of the older palaeozoic beds- which form 



the main axis of the Safed Koh, and their junction with the trias is 



certainly a faulted one ; for although the valley 



Junction a faulted one. 



is here completely covered with recent gravels 

 and alluvium, and the triassic shales are hidden, yet at a short 

 distance further east, near Sher Khel, the trias beds are again seen 

 on the right bank of the river, while on the left (northern) bank the 

 valley again widens out and the ground rises gradually to the foot of 

 the hills. This rising ground is composed of triassic rocks, still dip- 

 ping steeply to the south. 



At the eastern end of the Ba*ra Valley, the junction between 

 Junction seen near Spin the t rias and the older beds is seen. Here the 

 Kamar « valley ends, being closed by a broad kotal or 



low ridge, the river escaping through a narrow gorge carved out 

 of the rhaetic limestone. On the kotal near Spin Kamar, the trias 

 shales and grits dip at high angles (70 — 85 ) to the south, but 

 near the foot of the northern hills they are faulted against a series 

 of blue schistose slates and highly altered limestone. These beds 

 ( 106 ) 



