114 HAYDEN : GEOLOGY OF TIRAH AND BAZAr VALLEY. 



3. Fossiliferous limestones and sandstone . . . { p £SJSiJ2 1 ** r,,,P ' 



2. Brownish-green and reddish shales with flaggy") Permo-carboniferous 

 quartzites and subordinate bands of limestone and > to upper carbonifer- 

 dolomite. J ous. 



i. Altered limestones of Rohtas hill, Ghund Ghar") (; ar b on jf erous# 

 and Surghar Range. j 



III.— Post-Tertiary Beds. 



In the foregoing pages, I have, in order to avoid confusion, 



omitted all reference to the recent and sub-recent deposits, which, 



however, cover considerable areas in Tirah and the Baza"r Valley. 



They are well seen in the Maiden Valley, where 



horizontal beds of clay, grit and conglomerate 



extend for many hundred feet up the hillsides. 



In the Bcira Valley, as already mentioned, the triassic shales 

 are covered up by these deposits, which, near 



In the Bara Valley. ^ J V > > 



the head of the valley, consist chiefly of coarse 

 conglomerates, containing rounded and sub-angular pebbles, 

 not only of the rocks locally exposed, but also of quartzite, gneiss 

 and dolerite. The three last-named rocks, which occur in large 

 quantities, are evidently derived from the Safed Koh range. The 



gneiss, which is a coarse variety, composed 



Probable erratics. ,,.,,. 



chietiy or blue quartz and white orthoclase, is 



found also in large blocks, having all thje appearances of erratics, 

 lying on the hillsides as much as three or four hundred feet above the 

 present level of the river-bed. Although I could discover no un- 

 equivocal traces of glaciation, yet the size of these blocks and the 

 manner in which they are stranded on the hillsides strongly suggest 

 a glacial origin. 



In the Bazir Valley there occur very extensive beds of conglo- 



Cave-dwdiings of the merate and S raveI > covering the plain to a 

 Bazar Valley. depth of quite 50 feet in places, and deposited 



upon the upturned edges of the triassic beds. It is in these conglo- 

 merates that the numerous cave-dwellings of the Afridis have been 

 excavated. 

 ( i>4 ) 



