MEMOIRS 



OF 



THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA. 



The Geology of Hazara and the Black Mountain, by C. S. 

 MiddlemisS, B.A., Geological Survey of India. 



Chapter I.— Introduction. 

 BEFORE beginning the purely descriptive portion of this Memoir 

 a few words are necessary to explain how I came to undertake the 

 work, and the nature and scope of it. 



The detailed geological surveying of the district of Hazara was 

 begun by me, after a lapse of about a decade, at the instigation of the 

 Punjab Government, who were anxious for further information about 

 the coal of the Dore river, as to the worth or worthlessness of which 

 opinion was divided. It was whilst investigating the conditions 

 under which this carbonaceous band occurred in the valley of the Dore 

 and in the neighbouring parts of Hazara, that there gradually accumu- 

 lated a mass of miscellaneous geological details, in one way or another 

 connected with the special information wanted, and which ultimately 

 led to my continuance in the district to complete a general account of 

 the geology of Hazara. 



Although I have examined in detail almost every section that will 

 be described in the sequel, it must not be forgotten that Hazara has 

 already had its geological exponents, the chief of which, Mr. A. B. 

 Wynne, late of the Geological Survey of India, is the one who first 

 brought anything like order out of the chaotic rock-elements of this 

 mountainous tract. It was he who, with the palaeontological and field 



Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. XXVI, pt.|I. 

 B ( I ) 



