2 MIDDI.EMISS : GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



assistance of Dr. Waagen, who was then in India, first seriously at- 

 tacked the geological problems of the district in the vicinity of Abbott- 

 abad ; and it was he who, during several seasons, from 1877 to 1879, 

 intermittently and gradually built up, through the medium of a serie s 

 of papers in the " Records/' an effective outline of the geology of 

 the whole area. An unfinished and unpublished geological map 

 on the scale of J inch = I mile was contemporaneously pro- 

 duced. 



It seemed a pity that so much good work should surfer from being 

 in so disconnected and unfinished a state, and hence my detention 

 in this part of the country to complete the survey. 



Thus engaged, my main duty has been to link together by fresh 

 work in the field all the observations of Mr. Wynne and others, and to 

 present them in a connected form in this Memoir. I have conscien- 

 tiously striven to follow along the lines laid down by Wynne and 

 Waagen, to see everything they saw as far as possible, and, by 

 picking up the threads of their work wherever they were broken or 

 missino - , to supply an organised account of the geological fabric of 

 Hazara. 



There will naturally be found some few points on which I have 

 had to differ from previous investigators, but they are not many. 

 Besides being my duty, i am happy to state that it has been a con- 

 genial task to follow out by mountain and glen, by ridge and river, 

 the work so well begun, but unfortunately unfinished by my pre- 

 decessors. 



I do not know that I need offer any further apology for the pre- 

 sence of this book. To those who will open it with the hope of find- 

 ing glowing descriptions of an " Eldorado," from the drainage of 

 which the Indus and Sohan rivers "roll down their golden sand," I 

 can promise nothing but disappointment. I can only humbly refer 

 them to those general principles enunciated by Ball 1 on the subject, 

 where the apparent paradox of auriferous river-beds in a reefless 



1 Manual of the Geology of India, pt. Ill, p. 173. 



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