l6 MIDDLBMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



exposed rocks, then it must be at least of L. Cambrian, 

 and possibly of Pre-Cambrian age. 

 In consequence of the above, these azoic slates must be consider- 

 ed to be very old, as old or probably older than the oldest known 

 fossil-bearing rocks. 



Mr. Wynne in his papers on Hazara called this series the 

 " Attock slates/' from the circumstance that 



sla^e e s ati0n t0 Att ° Ck alon S the Indus at Attock the y are particularly 

 well exposed. From a cursory examination 



of the Attock section, and from considerations -of a general nature, 



I have no doubt that the Hazara slates continue directly and unbroken 



to Attock. As this, however, has been called in question by Mr. 



Griesbach from observations made in the Cherat hills, and as the 



advantages to be derived from naming one great unknown after 



another great unknown are very questionable, I need say no more 



on this head. 



As regards Kashmir, the correlation of our Hazara slate series 



with the Panjal system of Lydekker is a 



Relation to the Kash- na t ur al and perfectly safe one. Lydekker 1 was 

 mir Panjal system. L • J 



also of the same opinion. He found from ob- 

 servations of his own that the schists in the Khagan valley were the 

 same as his " newer gneiss" series, and that these were the meta- 

 morphosed representatives (at least in great part) of the "Attock 

 slates," and that both corresponded therefore to the slate series of 

 Kashmir. Lydekker in the same paper, p. 24, expressed his opinion 

 that the contention of Dr. Waagen that the slate series of the Panjab 

 generally may be Carboniferous, on the strength of the fossils referred 

 to above, is an unwarranted contention. In justice to Dr. Waagen, 

 however, it must be mentioned that when he wrote the note in the 

 " Records'* embodying that view Mr. Griesbach''s Himalayan work 

 was not begun, and the shales which subsequently yielded Olenellus 

 under Khusak fort were believed by the former to be a part of the 

 Productus Limestone group. Finally, Wynne expressed himself as 



1 Rec. G. S. of I., Vol. XV, p. 23, 1882. 

 ( 16 ) 



