32 MIDDLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



In structure the rock is a close-grained, hard, and massive rock, 

 and it frequently stands in wall-like masses. Dr. Stolickza recognised 

 this rock as being lithologically the same as the Gieumal sandstone 

 of Spiti, and as regards that of the Central Himalaya of Garhwal 

 and Kumaun (Griesbach) I can myself affirm the same. Thus the 

 distribution of this rock is co-extensive with that of the Spiti shales, 

 above which it lies and into which it passes by gradation. 



Southern Section, 



One of the most remarkable features in the geology of Hazara 

 is the sudden way in which the lithological facies of the Jurassics 

 changes as we near the southern edge of the district. On one side 

 of a ravine we may have the section as given before through Spiti 

 shales and Gieumal sandstone, whilst a mile or two south on the 

 other side of the valley the Spiti shales have vanished, only a little of 

 the Gieumal sandstone remains — and that in one or two thin bands— 

 whilst the bulk of the rock is made up of limestones and sandy lime- 

 stones, the former ochre or chrome coloured and full of compacted 

 shells of undeterminable species. 



It is almost impossible to give a generalised section typical of this 

 southern aspect of the Jurassics, but the following may be accepted 

 as applicable to many localities : — 



Nummulitic limestone. 



Ferruginous band (Pisolitic iron ore) ... I foot. 



Buff-coloured, thin-bedded shaley limestones, passing 



into ......... loo feet. 



Compacted massive shelly limestone, passing into 



and alternating with . . . . . 50 „ 



Alternations of Gieumal sandstone and compacted 



shelly limestone . . . . . .. 60 ,, 



Gieumal sandstone with thin calcareous beds of 



Trigonice 80 „ 



Black shaley sandstone and sometimes black 



shales 10-15 » 



Trias limestone. 



( 32 ) 



