STRATIGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS: CRETACEOUS. 35 



The difference between the northern and southern types of 

 Jurassics in Hazara seems to illustrate the 

 fac?eToffhrju°rL sfics! difference between the Himalayan and Salt- 

 Range types ; for, whilst the northern black 

 shales and peculiar Gieumal sandstone resemble those of the former, 

 the southern and more calcareous elements resemble those of the 

 latter. 



At Hassan Abdal in the little temple-crowned hill near the town 

 there is an absence of Jurassics altogther, and 

 Absence at Hassan t ^ e N ummu litics with the variegated sandstone 

 at their base cover the Trias directly. 



(V.) Cretaceous. 

 In those parts of Hazara, viz. the Slate zone and the northern part 

 of the Nummulitic zone, where the Jurassics are represented by Spit 1 

 shales and Gieumal sandstone, the latter passes up rapidly but 

 gradually by change of material, but with no interbedding into a very 

 thin bed, but an exceedingly characteristic one, which from fossil 

 evidence can be definitely placed with the Middle Cretaceous (Ceno- 

 manian). 



The rock has only one certain facies and is not more than 6 or 

 10 ft. thick. It is a slightly sandy limestone of 

 ous^band ^ ° f CretaCe * bri § ht oran § e or chrome-orange colour, rarely 

 grey, as at Wijjiyan. It is fairly massive, and 

 is dotted all over with black cherty and ferruginous patches, which 

 in favourable localities are seen to be remnants of fossils. Occa- 

 sionally these resolve themselves into remarkably good examples of 

 Ammonites, and the straight and hooked forms of cephalopoda, 

 standing out like carved figures in black relief on the hard yellow 

 surface. They are generally more crowded together towards the 

 upper part of the limestone band. It is almost impossible to extract 

 them from the rock, for, like the fossils in parts of the Muschelkalk 



»* ( 35 ) 



