38 MIDDLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



Whilst examining these fossils, Mr. Griesbach drew my attention 



„. „ „ to a quantity of unlabelled and unregistered 



Similar Cretaceous * J ° 



rocks in the Samana fossils lying in the Museum, Calcutta, which 

 were forwarded by Major Main waring from the 

 Samcina Range during the expedition of 1891 under General Lockhart. 

 The nature of the rock and the identity of many of the ammonites, 

 as well as their mode of preservation, clearly indicated the con- 

 tinuation of this middle Cretaceous band into the Samina country. 



Rocks of Cretaceous age are unknown in Kashmir and the Salt- 

 Rano-e ; but, considering the thinness of the band, it is possible that 

 it may have been overlooked, especially if by chance it lost its 

 characteristic fossils. 



A series of well-bedded grey limestones with, so far as I have 



seen, a complete absence of fossils, except ex- 



upXrds^ol the e Cre°ta- tremely minute organisms, probably foraminifera, 



ceous into what is called ove rlies this M. Cretaceous band. Waagen and 

 the Grey limestone. & 



Wynne considered it possible that it might 



also be Cretaceous, but gave no definite reasons. In the absence of 



proof I have preferred to place the grey limestone with the Terti- 



aries as the lowest bed of the Nummulitic series, more especially as, 



for reasons stated under the next heading, it is not everywhere easy 



to draw a line between the Grey and Nummulitic limestones, whereas 



the top of the orange Middle Cretaceous band is everywhere a 



marked feature easily seized for mapping purposes. 



(VI) Nummulitic series. 

 This is one of the most important formations in Hazara, as it is 

 all round the north-west frontier of India. It is of immense thickness 

 and commands the surface over large areas in the more southern 

 parts of Hazara almost to the exclusion of everything else. The 

 following stages in descending order may be made in it : — 



(5) Passage-beds into Kuldana series. 



(4) Grey splintery shales and marls, interbedded with black-hearted nodular 



or concretionary limestone, nummulite bearing, about 300 ft., Mont* 



livaltia zone. 



( 38 ) 



