50 MIDDLEMISS: GEQLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



bank of the Indus, which metamorphism traverses across the strike 

 of the beds obliquely ''as though it were an effect related to the 

 presence of the gneiss among the Buneyr hills in the wild tract 

 beyond that river, or to other plutonic rocks beneath the region." 

 Here again the facts, as detailed by Mr. Wynne, seem to make dead 

 against the theory of the gneiss of Hazara, being an extreme case 

 of the metamorphism affecting the schists acting on an ordinary 

 detrital rock. The words "other plutonic rocks " italicised above 

 seem to suggest even a confusion in his own mind. 



With regard to the basic rocks intrusive in the region, Mr. Wynne 

 mentions them as occurring in the more or less altered metamorphic 

 rocks and also in the Tanol group. One intrusive mass of large size 

 he describes south of Bahingra mountain. He speaks of them as 

 dense dark greenstone, and gives no further details of their con- 

 stitution. 



In subsequent papers by the same author the only references 

 made to the gneiss are by way of correlating it with the Kashmir 

 gneiss, and he seems to have made up his mind as to its being an 

 extreme product of the metamorphism of previously sedimentary 

 beds. 



Dr. A. Verchere, 1 speaking of the "porphyry" of the Kajnag 

 range, Kashmir, by which he means the rock 



Dr. Albert Verchere's £l0w k DOwn as gneisose-granite, remarks that he 

 remarks on this rock. ° & 



had had described to him some granite seen a few 

 miles from Mansehruh near the entrance into the Khagan valley 

 which appeared to be a volcanic porphyry similar to that of Kashmir. 

 Although he fell into the error of calling the porphyritie orthoclase 

 crystals, albite (and possibly in calling the schorl augite), he neverthe- 

 less recognised the correct interpretation of it as a foliated igneous 

 rock, and not a metamorphic sedimentary rock, as is evident from his 

 remark. — u It very often happens that the minerals are arranged in 

 bands or layers as in gneiss, and, this apparent foliation also varies 

 much and often it does not exist at all, whilst in other instances it is 



1 Journ. As. Soc, Bengal, Vol. XXXV, p. 108, 1866. 

 ( 50 ) 



