62 MIDDLEMISS : GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



each individual band of the granite in its course through the en- 

 closing rock, but having sampled a few parts of the country, such as 

 the Black Mountain and the neighbourhood of Mansehruh, and 

 having besides in previous years devoted much time to the same toil 

 (see map of Dudatoli, Rec. G. S. of I., Vol. XX, pt. 3, 1887), I came 

 to the conclusion, considering the uniformity of the country, that 

 minutely mapping such details would not have sufficiently repaid the 

 enormous amount of time that it would have required. 



In the Black Mountain, where, during the campaign against the 

 Akazais and Hassanzais, some months were spent in the quiet pun- 

 ishment of occupying the country and consuming the crops, I had a 

 good deal of spare time, and this was turned to the best use I could 

 put it by making as minute a survey as I was able to on the small- 

 scale map available. 



In the descriptive portion of this memoir such details as were 

 gathered at that time will be found systematically arranged. 



The gneissose-granite of Hazara is a rock of extremely charac- 

 teristic aspect, and when once seen is not likely to be easily forgot- 

 ten. It exactly reproduces the mineralogical composition, the struc- 

 tural characteristics, and the peculiarities of habit that I have been 

 long familiar with in the gneissose-granite of certain places in 

 the Lower Himalaya of Garhwal and Kumaun such as the Chor 

 Mountain, Kalandanda (where the sanatarium of Lansdowne now 

 is), and Dudatoli Mountain. There is also no reason to doubt that 

 it is the same rock as occurs in Kashmir along the Pir Panjal axis 

 and elsewhere, called Palaeozoie and Archaean by Lydekker (Mem. 

 G. S. of I., Vol. XXII), and that it is the same as Stoliczka's central 

 gneiss, at least largely, and as the Dalhousie and Chamba gneissose- 

 granite described by McMahon. 



Mineralogically the rock is a granular aggregate of quartz, felspar, 



and white and black mica with the accessory mi- 

 Mineral composition 

 of the gneissose-gran- nerals, schorl, garnet, magnetite, apatite, plagi- 



lte * oclase. In some places, and especially near the 



edges of the bands and rock masses, it is porphyritic by the presence 



in it of large crystals of orthoclase in binary carlsbad twins. These are 



( 62 ) 



