DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY : GENERAL. 87 



They will be made use of as a basis for the classification of the de- 

 scriptive portion of this Memoir. 



N. N. W. 



(A) Crystalline and metamorphic zone. 



(B) Slate, or Abbottabad zone. 



(C) Nummulitic zone. 



(D) Upper Tertiary zone. 



S. S. E. 



(A) Crystalline and metamorphic zone. — This is co-extensive with 

 the whole of the northern parts of Hazara, including Khagan and the 

 Black Mountain. There is also reason to believe that it has a much 

 greater extension in a northerly direction, beyond where geological in- 

 vestigations have been carried. Its southern limits are well defined 

 by a line running from Jutti Pind, 1,725 feet, up the Miankhaki 

 stream via Sobruh Gulee to Puswal mian, and from there via Turna- 

 waee and Dubbun to Gurhee-Hubeebooluh on the Koonhar. This 

 line may be (a) a single well-marked reversed fault, (b) a plexus of 

 faults, (c) a line of great equivalent folding of strata. S. W. of Jutti 

 Pind there is no sharp southern boundary to this zone, but instead 

 a gradual passage from slates to crystalline schists. 



(B) Slate, or Abbottabad zone. — This zone adjoins the previous 

 zone on its southern side, and it extends southward as far as a 

 line running from near Bureeluh via Naruh and Kalabagh to Puttun 

 Chhothee, aline easily recognised on the map by the remarkably con- 

 tinuous fault which follows it the whole way, and by the sudden 

 appearance of Nummulitic limestone in force to the south. 



(C) Nummulitic zone. — South of the last and adjoining it comes 

 the third zone, which extends southwards to the Rawalpindi plateau 

 in the south-west parts of Hazara, and to a line from Baroha via 

 Tret, the gap N. of Kuldana hill, and Bukot to near Chhothee Puttun 

 at the junction of the Koonhar and Jhelum rivers, in the south-east 

 parts of Hazara. 



(D) Upper Tertiary zone. — This embraces everything in 

 Hazara to the south of the last zone, and it also extends far away 



( 87 ) 



