Il6 MIDDLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



more time to generalities and less to points of detail than those who 



follow after them. 



In the ShawalPsection the presence of the sandstone in which the 



coal of Hewson's mine occurs may be noticed 

 Coal-bearing sand- ,, ■,«, ,, - . f . ,: 



stone near Shawali. on the nillrside about 200-300 feet above the 



Jura-Cretaceous band, and between the Grey 

 limestone and the Nummulite-bearing limestone. The same bed 

 also comes down to the alluvium at a point west-north-west of Dhum- 

 tour about the second " a " of Nawa. 1 This point is within a few 

 yards of one of the pillars erected by the preliminary survey for 

 the railway to Kashmir, so if that project is ever realised it might 

 be worth while trying the bed for coal. 



All the little ridges with steep ravines between them lying 

 Section north-west of betwen Dhumtour and Shakur Bandee in the 

 Dhumtour. neighbourhood of Ookhreeluh are composed of 



Nummulitic limestone and shales. The latter are. principally con- 

 fined to the more central part of the area corresponding to the centre 

 of the general synclinal into which the rocks are here thrown. The 

 hill-sides are very rough (except where the shales give a pleasant foot- 

 hold) and so strewn with weathered blocks across which it is difficult 

 to pick one's way that the real structure of the subsidiary folds borne 

 on the general inverted synclinal is difficult to make out. 



Returning to the south-western end of the hill mass we may note 

 , ..... . the remarks of Waagen and Wynne 2 that " the 



Unconformabihty of ° J 



the jurassics on the top unconformability of the shales (Jurassic) upon 

 of the Trias. , \ ., , • / 



the older rocks is most easily to be observed 



on the long spur south by west from the summit of Sirban, the 



surface of the underlying triassic limestone being eroded, pierced 



by holes of boring molluscs and successively overlapped by the 



Spiti shales." All this I can corroborate. The same appearance is 



1 These and similar expressions will be understood to be elliptical — the full 

 expression of course being " the place on the hill corresponding to the *a' of Nawa 

 on the map." 



3 Sirban Memoir. 



( 116 ) 



