134 MIDDLEMISS :> GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



of the spur everywhere give exposures of the schistose slates, but the, 

 top capping is a coarse agglomeration, sometimes consolidated and 

 sometimes loose, sometimes made up of Infra-Trias blocks, sometimes 

 of Nummulitic limestone blocks, and sometimes of Murree sandstones 

 also in blocks. Occasionally the three rocks in this fragmentary 

 state are intermingled. The whole of this accumulation is manifestly 

 a surface deposit, and I am fairly persuaded that it owes its origin 

 to the action of glaciers, which in the last glacial epoch must 

 have descended from Laichi Khun and Srikote or from some of the 

 higher ridges up the Khagan valley. A similar deposit on the 

 spur due east of Gurhee-Hubeebooluh, chiefly composed of Murree 

 sandstone, appeared at first so homogeneous that I was inclined to 

 regard it as an outlier of the latter. Afterwards sub-angular and 

 rounded pieces of Infra-Trias and Nummulitic limestone convinced me 

 that it was not in situ, but evidently of the nature of a rubbish heap 

 of sub-angular boulders. This debacle is very thin, not more than 

 30 — 50 feet thick. It nevertheless lies for the considerable distance 

 of half a mile at different elevations along the spur, following the 

 crest of it as it winds to lower levels. There is no continuation 

 of the deposit along the spurs to the east. 



Other than as a glacial moraine the only ways in which we could 

 account for this deposit are — 



(1) As a bed in situ, but much broken up. 



(2) As scree-material. 



The first of these seems to be untenable as a hypothesis, by the 

 facts stated above that there is no general strike of the aggregated 

 fragments. They continue neither along the crests of the spurs to the 

 south-east or north-west, nor do they strike down into the streams 

 between and on each side of the spurs, as they would if they were part 

 of a faulted or in-folded mass. 



The second at first sight seems not improbable as an explanation. 

 It looks reasonable as a hypothesis that these rubbish heaps of angular 

 material might be merely fallen debris from the hills above. This 

 explanation had, however, to be discarded in favour of glacier transport 

 on account of the more or less sorted way in which the beds occur : 

 ( "34 ) 



