DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY : SLATE ZONE. 1 35 



heaps of one rock alternating with heaps of another, and only 

 sometimes mixed ; and secondly, because of the absence of 

 slate fragments in the accumulation on the top of the spur east of 

 Gurhee-Hubeebooluh, notwithstanding that the main ridge south of 

 the pass directly above the deposit is entirely composed of slates ; 

 whereas, on the other hand, nothing is so well known as that glaciers 

 creeping along under cliffs of particular rocks will be loaded here 

 with one sort of debris and there with another, and that when they 

 come to melt at lower altitudes they will leave a roughly sorted 

 accumulation of particular rock-fragments faraway from the solid bed 

 from which they were derived. Lastly, these rubbish heaps, so high 

 (3,000 feet) above the present drainage, and fixed on the tops of hill 

 spurs are (with the exception of those immediately north-west of the 

 pass) quite out of the present line of drainage, along the sides and 

 bottom of which scree-material would tend to accumulate. 



I must now invite attention to one of the most important deduc- 

 tions that may be drawn from the Gurhee- 

 Absencc of metamorph- Hubeebooluh sections. In a previous memoir 



ism in the lertianes. r 



(Physical Geology of the Sub-Himalaya of 

 Kumaun and Garhwal 1 ) I remarked on the absence of metamorphism 

 in the Upper Tertiaries and Nummulitics in the vicinity of the schistose 

 and granite area of Kalogarhi (also called Kalandanda, and latterly 

 Lansdowne) as offering a not very rigid proof that the Tertiaries at 

 least were deposited later than the date of the general metamorphism 

 of the Himalaya by the intrusion of the gneissose-granite. 



We have here before us in this corner of the mountains a much 

 more satisfactory proof, inasmuch as the Murree beds, the Nummulitic 

 limestone, together with the sandstone beds at the base, lie all in 

 direct and normal superposition immediately above thin-bedded rocks 

 exhibiting distinct metamorphism. They form outliers capping the tops 

 of the hills, whilst the schistose slates form the base of the same 

 hill range. 



And yet the soft sandstones, the purple shales and the nodular 



1 Mem. Geo. Sur. I.nd., Vol. XXIV, pt. 2. 



( 135 ) 



