146 MIDDLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



Trias of the right-hand portion of the section is modified by a sharp 

 synclinal enfolding the Jurassics near the staging-bungalow, and this 

 is followed by the anticlinal of the Hertoh river. 



Tandia*ni, like all the hill stations along the great watershed in this 

 part of Hazara, is an assemblage of temporary wooden houses erected 

 for use in the summer months only, and is completely deserted during 

 the winter when these high crests are draped in a mantle of snow, 

 relieved only by the tall straight stems of the Paludar and Biar. 

 The houses are dotted about on the undulating surface afforded by 

 the Spiti shales, but the latter are cut down here and there by 

 streams to the upper surface of the Trias limestone. Such exposures 

 display the basal bed of the Spiti shales as a good strong ferruginous 

 layer, 1-6 ft. thick, the thicker portions lying in the hollows of the 

 Trias limestone. 



Sections along the scarped edge of the Trias on the east side of 

 the station show the limestone underlaid by the bed of quartzite, 

 which I have before explained is its normal base when it directly 

 overlies the Slate series without the intervention of the Infra-Trias. 



The gap north-west of the Tandicini ridge (see fig. 14) exposes 

 on its northern side the Trias of the Sichar ridge similarly under- 

 laid, but by both white and purple quartzite as much as 50 ft. thick. 

 In none of the sections round about Tandiani is there any trace of 

 Infra-Trias limestone or of the basal conglomerate. The presence 

 of the purple quartzite, just referred to, is a little puzzling. It may 

 either belong to the base of the Trias (as seems the more probable) 

 or to the Infra-Trias. In the latter case there must be an unrecog- 

 nised break between it and the white quartzite, which is usually found 

 at the base of the Trias when no Infra-Trias is present. 



Along the line of the word Undree Seree on the map the great 

 mass of the Trias limestone, descending in great forest-covered dip- 

 planes from the south end of the Tandicini ridge, receives above it 

 the Jura-Cretaceous and then the Nummulitics. The outcrops of 

 the former extend from the exposures near Kalapani due east to a 

 marked gap in the main ridge, and they then pass round to the 



( 146 ) 



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