154 MIDDLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



of the gravels of the Dore (PI. n) as seen from a low elevation, 

 whilst the same, as a more distant view and from a much higher 

 elevation, are seen in the view west along the Slate zone (PL 9). 

 This little hill, a sort of outwork from the Sirban mass, and its 

 twin continuation a mile further north-east, suffered rather summary 

 treatment in the map with Waagen and Wynne's Memoir, being 

 coloured entirely as slates. Horizontal section No. 1 shews it to 

 be really a slightly broken synclinal in the Trias, carrying in its 

 trough a regular sequence through the Spiti shales and Cretaceous 

 up to the Grey limestone. The fold is almost symmetrical, but 

 there has been a slight tearing along the south-eastern exposure 

 of the friable Spiti shales. It must be understood here and else- 

 where that the small scale of the map has necessitated the draw- 

 ing of the bands of rock here all of equal breadth, a mechani- 

 cal difficulty unavoidable. The horizontal section alone gives the 

 proper proportions of the strata. The normal N.E. - S.W. strike 

 prevails. The continuation hill to the north-east only exposes the 

 north-west half of the synclinal, which is also inverted, and, with a 

 return bend towards the north-west, presents the appearance of a 

 folded flexure, though it is most likely that the appearence of inversion, 

 along the south-east face of the hill where it overlooks the Dore river 

 (the exposures are much obscured by river-gravels), is one due to 

 secondary slipping of the hill-side, and not to the original impress 

 of the folding of the strata. 



North and north-east of the " J " of Juswal there are two little hill- 

 spurs projecting from the long Trias-capped ridge, which travels 

 S.S.W. from the " s " of Juswal. These little spurs embrace a Jura- 

 Cretaceous and Nummulitic sequence in several very small folds 

 impossible to render on the map, but which are shewn in the horizontal 

 section, which is made to go a trifle out of its course to include one 

 of them. These small folds may be understood as a corrugation 

 or packing-up of the strata along the plane of weakness between the 

 Spiti shales and the massive Trias limestone beneath. The Trias- 

 capped ridge to the south-south-west has its base formed of slates, 

 ( >54 ) 



