DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY: SLATE ZONE. 155 



the cap of limestone dipping slightly east-south-east ; but the junction 

 between the two rocks, especially on the west side, is not well ex- 

 posed. It is even possible that there may be a small remnant of the 

 Infra-Trias left between the two. There are certainly blocks of it in 

 the mixed talus and gravel at the foot of the hill. South of this spur, 

 and forming a little isolated hill between Kihal and the Shakra N., 

 the Trias, as it reposes on the slates in a similar way to that of the 

 ridge just mentioned, exhibits its base in a scarp on the north-west 

 side of the little hill. The lowest layers of the limestone are fossili- 

 ferous, and between it and the slates comes a band of white coarse 

 quartzite, variegated with red layers. The south-eastern face of the 

 hill is a dip slope. 



Leaving Juswal and taking a course south-east up the high ridge 

 High ridge south- in that direction we pass across a very perfect 

 east of Juswal. section from the slates to the Nummulitic lime- 



stone. The ridge is sharp and steep on both sides, giving almost an 

 equilateral triangle in section. The various formations lie in courses 

 one above the other and pass completely through the ridge. With- 

 out regard to minor foldings, the general run of the crest of the ridge 

 is along the axis of a shallow synclinal (see horizontal section No. 1). 

 After passing over the Slate series, the foliation dip being generally 

 south-east or east-south-east, we meet with the Trias in bold crags 

 running as a rampart all along the hill-side, but breached in a few 

 places where streams of disintegrated Spiti shales have slid down the 

 mountain face. The thickness of the outcrop of the Trias limestone 

 exposed along this line is very variable. This may partly be due to 

 the eroded surface above on which the Jurassics lie, but I am inclined 

 to think that the chief reason is to be found in the line of weak- 

 ness between the thick-bedded massive Trias limestone and the thin- 

 bedded slates at their base, which has allowed the latter to be squeezed 

 out from underneath them in places along several small fault- 

 lines. It is very evident that if a course be taken up the ridge 

 due south-east by south from the " w " of Juswal we pass over a com- 

 paratively insignificant cliff of this limestone, not more that 250 feet, 



( 155 ) 



