DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY: SLATE ZONE. 159 



the Jura-Cretaceous. The same outcrop continues down the ravine 

 to the north for some way, the dip of the beds flattening out. The 

 outcrop follows round the hill to Khun, whence it returns by the 

 Deesal spur and the north-western cliffs of the mountains to cut the 

 Sudruh spur in a bold tooth of rock, and joins up with the outcrops 

 on the western side of the Jhan ridge. 



During the first part of my time in Hazara a great number of 



„ . , .._, traverses were made on and about the Khun- 



Section up the Khun- 

 Deesal spur. Deesal spur in connection with the coal out- 



crop at the Public Works Department mine below Deesal in the 

 valley of the Dore. A summarised section up this ridge from the 

 Dore river to the 6,645 summit is as follows. As shewn in the 

 sketch-section accompanying my preliminary note on the coal- 

 seam of the Dore river (Rec. G. S. of I., Vol. XXIII, pt. 4, 1890, 

 p. 267), the lowest part of the spur is an inverted series through the 

 Nummulitics, coal-bed, Grey limestone, Cretaceous, and Gieumal 

 sandstone, to the Spiti shales. At this point, which is a little below 

 Deesal village, the four last rock-stages are seen in a perfectly 

 exposed section, which has so far embraced the middle inverted limb 

 of a reflexed fold. Ascending to Deesal from this, we cross the 

 edges of the beds in opposite order, viz., Spiti shales, Gieumal 

 sandstone, Cretaceous, and Grey limestone ; the series dipping down 

 the slope and forming the upper limb of the reflexed fold. At the 

 same time it constitutes the lower limb of another reflexed fold ; for 

 a little further up the hill, between Deesal and Khun, a fine section in 

 the Grey limestone shows the latter bent back upon itself, and another 

 little ridge and gap shews once again an inverted series from Cre- 

 taceous to Spiti shales, and with Trias limestone in a not very thick 

 exposure forming the basis of the ridge on which Khun is placed. 

 This outcrop of Trias is continuous in a south-westerly direction with 

 the Trias cliff on the western side of the Jhan ridge. Returning to 

 Khun, we find the Trias limestone bent back very sharply upon itself 

 dipping normally towards the Tope hill, under which it passes to 

 reappear, as already stated, in the outcrop north-east of Jhan. The 



( '59 ) 



