DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY: SLATE ZONE. 



169 



inverted anticlinal in the Jura-Cretaceous, where the Grey and Num- 

 mulitic limestones are bending over against the fault as drawn below. 



N.W. 



Fig. 18. 

 £ = Grey Limestone. 

 d = Cretaceous. 

 c = Gieumal Sandstone. 

 6 = Spiti Shales. 

 a = Slates. 



In the road-section nothing is seen of 

 this arrangement, it being as given in 

 horizontal section No. 2 (PI. 4). The 

 Nummulitic and Grey limestones are 

 first thrown into alternating undulating 

 folds, and a bed of oolitic iron ore 4-5 

 feet thick, which I think is the repre- 

 sentative of the variegated sandstone 

 elsewhere containing coal, separates 

 them. A similar rock was noticed on the 

 Seree ridge in apparent connection with 

 the white and variegated sandstone of saccharoid texture in which 

 coal was actually found. After numerous undulations of this sort 

 we come to a steady inverted dip in the Grey limestone, which 

 forms the ridge north-north-east of the "r" of Karati. This is 

 followed by the Cretaceous rock in situ on the road, and by indica- 

 tions of the Spiti shales in the side-stream to the north-north- 

 east. This Jura-Cretaceous band, as it is hardly neccessary to point 

 out, is a continuation of the south-eastern limb of the synclinal 

 of the hill-spurs north-west of Bara Gali. Gaps on the ridges in 

 both directions mark the outcrop of these shales, and between them 

 terraces of fields with a dark-coloured soil follow their course among 

 the dense forest of Biar, Oak, and Chir. The next set of cliffs by the 

 road-side are in the Trias limestone, also in a slightly inverted 

 position for a short distance, and then in subsidiary folds, as shewn 

 along a corresponding line of country in horizontal section No. 2 

 near Maira, until finally they are found resting still in an inverted 

 position against the slates. The line of junction is extremely well 

 marked, and the great slabs of well-bedded Trias descend in magni- 

 ficent curves from the hill above to the stream-bed. Many of them 

 are covered with vermicular markings, not unlike the Spongia para- 

 doxica of Hunstanton, England, and are doubtless of a concretionary 

 nature. The base of the Trias here is fossiliferous and has been 



( «6 9 ) 



