DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY: SLATE ZONE. 175 



to where they disappear against the Bugnotur-Khetur fault, was 

 filled in on the map from a distant view seen from Mian-Jani, 9,793 

 feet. A splendid panoramic view over the country just described 

 is obtained from this vantage point, not to mention the still more 

 distant view across into Kashmir and beyond to the great Nanga 

 Parbat snowy peak. My drawing of this panorama was, however, 

 interfered with on the only occasion on which I climbed the hill, by 

 the indisposition of my servant and coolie, both of whom in turn fell 

 down unconscious whilst holding the umbrella over my plane-table. 

 I was obliged to bring them to with bottled beer, the only liquid with 

 us, and then to send them down into the shade of some trees to a 

 patch of snow. 



The section north of Mian-Jani along the ridge I was un- 

 able to examine during the last hot weather 



Mian-Jani sections. _ . . 



spent in Hazara, lor the reason given in the 

 introduction, that snow lay in thick and impassable drifts upon certain 

 northern faces of the ridge until the rains set in. Having viewed the 

 ridge from all points of the compass, I am morally certain that the 

 Slate series alone is present the whole way to Puttun. All the lower 

 eastern spurs were examined from the Koonhar river, and they are 

 similarly constituted. Even more so than on the eastern flanks of 

 the Tandicini ridge, do these spurs and the intervening ravines 

 descend sharply and steeply to lower levels. South-west of Mian-Jani 

 the great gap between it and the Kalabagh ridge is filled with 

 splendid forest of Paludar and Biar, as also are the northern slopes 

 of Moorchpoori in the Nummulitic zone, and the great valley of the 

 Bukot N. Some of the forest trees are here of phenomenal size. 

 The Kalabagh band of Trias limestone, which has already been traced 

 into conjunction with that of Deewal, breaks up into two bands which 

 were traced by Hira Lai across the south-eastern spurs of Mian-Jani 

 as far as its eastern spur, after which they appear to die out. At 

 the deep gap just referred to they are separated from the Nummulitics 

 of the Nummulitic zone by the great fault which divides the Slate 

 zone from the Nummulitic zone. 



( 175 ) 



