l8S M1DDLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



generally inverted to the south-south-west at high angles. A little 

 north-east of the last "a" of Pasala the great band of Nummulitic 

 limestone comes to an end, and at the 16th milestone from Murree 

 we turn a corner of the road shewing Gieumal sandstone with numer- 

 ous fossils. A little further on, Spiti shales with concretionary layers 

 can be seen ; but the proper relations of each to each, though not 

 difficult to understand for one who knows the much better exposed 

 sections elsewhere, is a puzzling bit of stratigraphy, with the solution 

 of which I need not trouble the reader. Trias limestone, as charac- 

 teristic as possible, and still shewing inversion to the south-east and 

 south at 55 — 70 follows; and on turning into the bay of the road 

 due west of Kamur peak we can follow by the eye the Jura-Creta- 

 ceous band as it travels away to the west-south-west in the direc- 

 tion of the " n " of Bagan, and cutting as it does so straight across 

 steep rocky hill-spurs and profound ravines, as if a vertical dip 

 was its true position. On the other side of the Kamur hill the 

 Jura-Cretaceous can only be seen dimly exposed on the Murree 

 water-works road, but its position and the general outcrop of the 

 massive Trias limestone can be followed by eye, down into the pro- 

 found wooded gorges of the Lahor N. and across the southern buttresses 

 of Moorchpoori to join up with the band on the eastern face of that hill 

 as traced by Hira Lai. To actually trace this band foot by foot from 

 the Kamur ridge to Hotur is almost impossible on account of preci- 

 pices, long grass, and dense forest. Its general lie here, too, is 

 approximately vertical. 



The Trias band has a width of about 1 mile, and we may there- 

 fore presume some refolding among its strata; but anything like 

 certainty on this point cannot be arrived at from road exposures 

 which are as a rule a mere girdle of clear structure round the forest- 

 covered hill. On the eastern side of the ridge, however, there are 

 some few fine rock exposures laid bare by the engineers of the water- 

 works road. 



The southern boundary of the Trias band is a fault bringing in 

 the Nummulitic limestone suddenly, once more, along the line as 



( 188 ) 



