IQO MIDDLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



Nummulitic-bearing limestone sets in near the io| milestone. Then 

 follow thin-beded limestones, shales, etc., with innumerable badly- 

 preserved fossils up to Changla proper, at the ioi milestone, and 

 thence on to the Changla Gulee dak buDgalow. 



The whole of this line of section from Doonga Gulee to Changla is 

 heavily wooded, and the watershed is so slender and steeply cut 

 back in places by the side-streams that its instability and irregularity 

 as regards dip is not to be wondered at. 



We now come to a sub-zone of formations extending in width from 

 Changla Gulee to Khaira Gulee. They shew 



la? e KhTira°Guke hanS " Nummulitic > Jurassic (southern type) and 

 Triassic rocks, folded, refolded, and faulted, but 

 all lying with a nearly uniform apparent dip to the northward at 

 angles varying from 6o° to 90 . Here, as before along this gulee 

 road, there is very little to guide one except the single line of road 

 cuttings, supplemented on the eastern side, however, by the expo- 

 sures laid bare by the water-works road. Waagen's first paper on 

 Hazara embraced this sub-zone of rocks, and it was here that he first 

 recognised Triassic and Jurassic fossils. 1 To this paper and to that 

 of Wynne 2 the reader may turn with advantage for local details. 3 

 The following notes are from my own traverse. The complicated 

 nature of the section has prevented its representation on the map 

 being more than diagrammatic. I have refrained from giving a drawn 

 section here as before along this ridge, because I am convinced 

 that faulting and slipping have taken place to such an extent and 

 perhaps so recently that the jumble of formations laid bare along 

 the road would very unfairly represent the proper anatomy of the 

 Chumbi mountain and spurs. If ever an amateur geologist should 

 come to be stationed at Changla or Khaira Gulee, he might spend 

 several months round this lightning-scarred peak in unravelling 

 as complicated a bit of hill geology as heart could wish. 



1. Records, Geological Survey of India, Vol. V., Pt. 1, 1872, p. 15. 



2. Ditto ditto, Vol. VII, Pt. 2, 1874, p. 71. 



3. See also Stoliczka and BlaDford, "Scientific results of the Second Yarkand 

 Mission, pp. 9 and 10. 



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