196 M1DDLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



Slate series lies next the limestones and shales of the Nummulitic 

 zone, just as we found it to do at Kalabagh, whilst the inferential 

 boundary fault between the two partakes also of the nature of a 

 great dislocation, though its plane here would appear to be either 

 vertical or with hade to the downthrow. The line of the fault is not 

 marked by any great and sudden change in the configuration of the 

 country. Indeed the change comes on one almost unawares as we 

 pass from the thin-bedded sometimes grey slates to the thin-bedded 

 shales of the Nummulitics. I need scarcely say that the change really 

 is enormous, as is evident at once when fresh unweathered frag- 

 ments of each formation are taken for examination, but superficially 

 there is just sufficient resemblance to make one recall the observa- 

 tions of other geologists further west who have found the Nummuli- 

 tics passing into a metamorphic rock in the neighbourhood of 

 igneous intrusions. In case, however, 1 have raised a spectre of 

 doubt in the reader's mind, let him but remember the included blocks 

 of the Slate series in the Infra-Trias conglomerate of Sirban, and go 

 on in confidence. 



A little before reaching Sujkot the change into the Eocene strata 

 full of fossils is well effected, and as we trample the Nummulitic 

 hosts under foot we mentally remark that as road metal, on a parti- 

 cularly ill-kept road, nothing could be worse. Roads in Hazara, 

 it may be remarked, are either good or bad, the former are part 

 of the system of frontier strategy, the latter are fro bono publico. 

 Ridge and hollow of limestone and shale respectively strike like 

 parallel wave crests from Sujkot towards Naruh. Further along the 

 road as it follows the winding and ever-steepening defile, carved as 

 if along fissures through the rock, the precipices shew the varied 

 contortion represented in Hor. section No. 3. All the time, in spite 

 of the general tendency to dip to the S.S.E., we are descending in the 

 series. The defile becomes steeper, and the stream makes a fall 

 over an inverted limb of a rock-fold. It next joins the Samoondar 

 N. from Kalabagh, and with added volume and more precipitous sides 

 it now cuts straight across the strike of the harder and more massive 



( 196 ) 



