222 MIODLEMISS: GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



parallel law holds good as regards the highest exposed strata of 

 each zone ; for whilst the Nummulitics are the highest exposed strata 

 of the Slate zone and the Kuldanas the highest of the Nummulitic 

 zone, so the Siwaliks will be found to be the highest of the present 

 zone (neglecting recent accumulations which are common to all the 

 zones). 



The narrowness of the belt of Upper Tertiary rocks represented 

 in Hazara is such that very little need be said about them, especially 

 as their more typical development in the Rawalpindi district has 

 been already very thoroughly described by Wynne. 1 



Beginning with the zone as displayed in the neighbourhood of 

 Murree, we find it composed of a single, nearly uniform ridge, which 

 curves in a crescent shape round the south-eastern part of Hazara, 

 one horn of the crescent trending north-east and north up the 

 valley of the Jhelum, and the other trending south-west and west- 

 south-west, and each lowering gradually in altitude as it does so* 

 The full length of this Hazara belt of the zone is shewn in the two 

 panorama views from Moorchpoori and Changla. 



The hill station of Murree occupying some of the higher parts of 

 the ridge is too well known as a hot-weather resoit of this part of 

 the Panjab for me to do more than briefly mention it here. Though 

 it cannot vie with the gullees in its woodland scenery and the perfec- 

 tion of its water-supply, yet its proximity to, and accessibility from, 

 the plains, and its greater roominess, have long ago established it as 

 the hill station of the Panjab, second only to Simla. Notwithstanding 

 that its imperfect water-supply (soon to be remedied) and the easy 

 communication now established between the plains and Kashmir 

 have somewhat detracted from its earlier popularity, it is still a 

 favourite sanitarium for the hot months of the year. European shops, 

 several hotels, a cathedral, and a brewery mark its prosperity and 

 importance, whilst the location there of the head-quarters of the 

 Panjab army, and the completion of the water-works, will ensure its 

 future career as a hill station. 



Rec. G- S. of L, Vol. X, pt. 3, 1877. 

 ( 222 ) 



