DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY : CRYSTALLINE AND METAMORPHIC ZONE. 231 



by a waving and curving of the outcrop of the conglomerate as it 

 inbays across the inequalities of the ground. In the opposite direc- 

 tion down the Miankhaki stream, the same conglomerate, lying 

 beneath the quartzites, etc., is recorded by Hira Lai as having been 

 recognised by him at a point on the map i inch south of the " 1 " of 

 Mihal, beyond which, along the same line, down-stream, it does not 

 occur, probably by reason of the covering of recent gravels hiding it 

 from view. 



The rest of the series above the Infra-Trias conglomerate com- 

 prises purple shales, somewhat cross-cleaved, purple and white 

 quartzites, and sandstones, whilst the Infra-Trias limestone, though 

 characteristic as to its composition and structure, is only of small 

 thickness, In each direction along the strike these beds follow for 

 some miles in natural order. Eventually this Infra-Trias band of 

 rocks dies out to the south-west by reason of the overlapping of the 

 recent valley deposits of the Miankhaki stream, and to the north- 

 east by temporarily vanishing under the alluvium of the northern 

 continuation of the Abbottabad plain. 



There is no difficulty whatever in recognising that the section 

 is similar in its lithology and its sequence of different rocks to the 

 Sirban section, some five or six miles away, notwithstanding that a 

 slight degree of metamorphism has supervened. 



But it is when we come to the top of the Infra-Trias limestone 

 to bed e of the section just given that a difficulty of interpretation 

 creeps in. North of that point the section exhibits a great series of 

 rocks which I at first believed to be metamorphic representatives of 

 the Slate series, or at least of an older and different set of rocks, 

 altogether distinct from the Infra-Trias as it normally occurs further 

 south. These rocks are marked on the map as Tanols, a distinctive 

 name invented by Wynne. 1 and which I have 



Tanols. J J 



retained, because, as I shall shew later, they 

 probably represent sedimentary accumulations with a characteristic 

 aspect of their own, and though largely representing metamorphosed 



1 The word Tanol, though spelled differently, is really the same as Tanawal. 



( 231 ) 



