240 M1DDLEMJSS : GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MCUNTAIN. 



Slate series into metamorphic rocks. On the map the two colours 

 representing these rocks have been shaded into one another, but it 

 must be understood that the change is really more gradual than the 

 conventional representation on the map would imply. 



The Sirun R. which rises in Bahingra mountain and whose 

 course we have already followed geologically 



Section along the . . 



lower reach of the from Seree-Sher-Shah to Kuchchee, passes in its 

 lower reach across the north end of the Gund- 

 gurh range and enters the Indus near Turbeluh amid vast plains of 

 river-boulders. On its left bank it washes directly the foot of the 

 Gundgurh range, and gives a continuous exposure of rocks, which, 

 with the exception of a small rock near Turbeluh town, belong 

 uniformly to the slate and schistose series, — that is to say, to the 

 oldest rocks (as known for certain) in Hazara. On its right bank 

 the Sirun river is bounded by terraces of river-gravels among which 

 there are two low hill-ranges which just succeed in keeping their 

 summits free from the covering of Recent gravels. The low range 

 nearest the Indus, and running somewhat parallel to it, is coloured 

 as belonging to the crystalline schists, whilst the more irregular 

 and eastern group of hills is seen to be a continuation of the spurs 

 of the Tanol quartzites descending from Doodha mountain. 



How these Tanols are related in point of position to the older 

 rocks all round them is not clear, as the gravel-filled ivalleys hide 

 the secret. 



Beginning in the lowest reach of the Sirun at the town of 

 Turbeluh, and working up-stream along a very good road running 

 parallel to the side of the river, we have a section as follows : — 



At Turbeluh, quartzites and quartz-schists of undoubted Tanol 

 facies appear first in the section, standing up in wall -like masses. 

 Mr. Edwards and I on first seeing these rocks were inclined to 

 place them with the metamorphic representatives of the Slate series, 

 because we could see no good line of division between them and the 

 rocks presently to be described. But later work among the hills to the 

 south-west shewed that there is a sharp distinction between the two(see 

 ( 240 ) 



