266 MIDDLEMISS : GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



of the strata, and by sliding over its neighbour zone to 

 the south-east. 

 Let us take each boundary fault and consider its history. Inas- 

 much as the least elevated, least compressed, 

 twee^tife^Upper Ter- and least denuded zone, namely, the U. Tertiary 

 tiary and Nummulitic zone \[ es c hi e fly outside the area covered by this 



zones. ' J J 



memoir, and as it is the datum line from which 

 we are reckoning the varying disturbances of each zone, we need 

 say nothing regarding the relations it bears to the Recent zone of no 

 elevation which lies to the south of it. Any fault or line of flexuringt 

 such as is represented by the scarped edge of the Salt Range, is 

 at present in an incomplete and transient stage ; and as such, it 

 would not bear comparison with the others until the time when the 

 Recent deposits are themselves upheaved into another disturbance 

 zone. But coming to the great winding fault between the U. Ter- 

 tiary zone and the Nummulitic zone, which has been known right 

 along the Himalaya as the main-boundary fault since Mr. Medlicott 

 first discovered its existence and interpreted its meaning, we are able 

 to draw some important deductions from it. Its general course in 

 Hazara, curving up the bed of the Jhelum, and the return curve on 

 the other side of the Jhelum in Kashmir, together with the be- 

 haviour of the Upper Tertiary rocks towards it, have been detailed 

 in the last chapter but one. For details concerning its further 

 course along the Himalayan mountain-foot the reader may consult 

 the references given below. 1 All the evidence gathered concerning it 

 tends to show that it was not paroxysmal, but that it grew gradually 

 as the Himalaya extended their provinces by incorporating with them 

 the deposits now forming the Sub-Himalaya. Similarly, all evidence 

 goes to show that this fault approximately marks the limit of 

 deposition for the Murree beds of the Upper Tertiaries in a northerly 

 direction. In Hazara we seem to possess a particular proof of this 

 in the long, thin, synclinal strips of the Kuldana beds enfolded in the 

 Nummulitic zone. Their uniform narrow width precludes the idea 



» Medlicott— Note upon the Sub- Himalayan Series in the Jamu hills, Rec. Geol. 

 Surv. of India, Vol. IX, pt, 2, 1876, and Mem. Geol. Surv. of India, Vol. III. 

 ( 266 ) 



