DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 2ft 



are composed chiefly of the mesozoic group with preponderance oi 

 its younger systems. 



The points of resemblance between the structure of the Saf£d 

 Koh and Hazara are therefore as follows : — 



(i) The old metamorphics with palaeozoic rocks are only found 

 in the northern belt of the northern skirting range. 



(2) The younger systems of the mesozoic group are only found 



in the southern skirting range. 



(3) In between these two there is the central range, and the 



southern part of the north skirting range, made up of 

 older palaeozoic with possibly strips of older mesozoic 

 wedged into them. 



The survey of the tract has not been carried out as yet in sufficient 

 detail to admit of closer comparison. 



Turning now in an easterly direction to Mr. Lydekker's work in 

 Zonal structure in Kashmir, it is necessary to remember with 

 Kashmir, caution that whilst Wynne's map to the west 



is Jth the scale of my map of Hazara, that of Kashmir by Lydekker is 

 only Jth of the same scale, or 16 miles to the inch. I have referred 

 above to the fact that the faulted boundary dividing the U, Tertiary 

 zone into sub-zones continues along east of the Jhelum into country 

 examined by Lydekker. The northern representative of this sub- 

 zone in Kashmir is not, however, differentiated from the Nummu- 

 litic zone, as in Hazara. So far as one can see from Lydekker's work 

 the northern half of this zone and the Nummulitic zone are combined 

 into one great zone, characterised chiefly by the presence at the 

 surface of the ground of the Murree beds, but with numerous 

 inliers along various lines of older rocks from Nummulitics through 

 Jurassics and Trias. Here, then, we find a conspicuous difference 

 between the fringing structure of the mountain-chain to the west and 

 east of the Jhelum R. respectively. The discrepancy, it must be noted, 

 does not however weaken my argument fer the periodical and 

 gradual upheaval of the mountain mass east of the Jhelum, but merely 

 shows a slightly different combination of the activities which pro- 

 duced it. 



( 271 ; 



