286 MIDDLEMISS : GEOLOGY OF HAZARA AND BLACK MOUNTAIN. 



The study of the disturbance zones in Hazara seems to me to be 

 convincing of the fact that the building of the Himalaya is not a 

 matter that can be dismissed in a word as an essentially, and utterly 

 modern, operation ; but that each part has an interesting history of 

 its own to tell, and that in the whole there are many such parts, 

 the preparation and arranging of which shew on how vast a scale 

 and from what ancient times the events of that as yet unwritten 

 history have been shaping themselves and leading up to the most 

 complex, stupendous, and beautiful natural phenomenon of the world. 



Rome was not built in a day, nor were the Himalaya either. 



APPENDIX. 



Economic Geology. 



Hazara like most districts of the Himalaya proper cannot boast of any very 

 important mineral resources. The few economically use- 

 ful geological products that may be noticed are enume- 

 rated below : — 



Abundance of building-stone is naturally to be found in Hazara. The 



gneissose-granite splits readily into slabs, and trims into 



Building stone : limestone. b]ocks sufficiently good for or dinary purposes. It has 



only been used in Hazara very locally however, for the reason that no large towns 

 are situated in the crystalline zone. Some of the finely foliated rocks are used for 

 roofing purposes. The slabs are much larger than ordinary roofing slates, and 

 also very much thicker, being from | to I inch in thickness. 



The Trias limestone near Abbottabad and Hassan Abdal has been quarried 

 constantly and successfully for building purposes. It furnishes a good durable 

 stone but somewhat sombre of colour. The same rock, which is widely distributed 

 in Hazara, can be obtained at many places. 



In the southern parts of Hazara the Murree sandstones sometimes give harder 

 courses of stone, which make an easily worked and fairly durable material. 



Limestone for the making of lime is also widely distributed especially in the 

 Slate and Nummulitic zones. 



Earthy haematite, in a bed some 5 or 6 feet thick, has been already referred to 

 near Abbottabad as occurring associated with the felsitic 

 n * breccia on the north-east spur of Sirban (p. 26). This 



would afford abundant material for smelting were plenty of fuel obtainable. 



jyj ar tite haematite pseudomorphous after magnetite— occurs at the base of the 



Spiti shales, but with the exception of some few localities, the band is a very thin 

 one. Of similar value is the pisolitic iron-ore found near Hassan Abdal and on 

 the gulee road at the position of the coal-bearing bed. 



( 286 ) 



