﻿10 
  OLDHAM: 
  GREAT 
  EARTHQUAKE 
  OF 
  1897. 
  

  

  doubtful 
  (personally 
  I 
  did 
  not 
  hear 
  it). 
  Everybody, 
  however, 
  agrees 
  that 
  such 
  

   a 
  sound 
  was 
  audible 
  during 
  the 
  shock. 
  

  

  " 
  This 
  tremor 
  of 
  the 
  earth 
  continued 
  almost 
  without 
  intermission 
  through 
  the 
  

  

  t 
  shocks 
  night 
  of 
  the 
  1 
  2th 
  June, 
  increasing 
  at 
  irregular 
  intervals 
  

  

  of 
  some 
  minutes 
  to 
  a 
  strong 
  and 
  jerky 
  shake 
  of 
  sufficient 
  

  

  force 
  to 
  make 
  houses 
  rattle 
  and 
  trees 
  quiver. 
  These 
  shocks 
  were, 
  and 
  still 
  are, 
  

  

  almost 
  invariably 
  announced 
  by 
  a 
  distinct 
  rolling 
  sound 
  as 
  of 
  far-off 
  thunder. 
  

  

  " 
  Nobody 
  has 
  kept 
  any 
  record 
  of 
  their 
  number, 
  but 
  from 
  several 
  hundreds 
  

   in 
  the 
  twenty-four 
  hours, 
  they 
  have 
  decreased 
  to 
  ten 
  or 
  twelve 
  a 
  day 
  ; 
  even 
  now 
  

   some 
  are 
  nearly 
  as 
  strong 
  as 
  those 
  immediately 
  following 
  the 
  first 
  and 
  severest 
  

  

  shock. 
  

  

  "6. 
  The 
  effects 
  of 
  the 
  earthquake, 
  as 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  ground, 
  are 
  (1) 
  landslips 
  

  

  Effects 
  of 
  the 
  earth- 
  ( 
  2 
  ) 
  Cracks 
  and 
  fissures 
  5 
  (3) 
  rid 
  S 
  es 
  and 
  furrows; 
  (4) 
  

   quake 
  on 
  the 
  ground. 
  depressions 
  of 
  the 
  surface. 
  

  

  (1) 
  Landslips.— 
  Landslips 
  are 
  now 
  visible 
  from 
  the 
  station 
  in 
  every 
  direction, 
  

   but 
  are 
  fewest 
  to 
  the 
  north. 
  They 
  have 
  occurred 
  wherever 
  the 
  ground 
  was 
  steep 
  

   and 
  not 
  formed 
  of 
  solid 
  rock. 
  In 
  the 
  station 
  itself 
  the 
  southern 
  spur 
  has 
  suffered 
  

   most, 
  and 
  more 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  than 
  on 
  the 
  north. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  slip 
  at 
  the 
  

   head'of 
  the 
  nulla 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Deputy 
  Commissioner's 
  bungalow. 
  From 
  

   this 
  point, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  parade 
  ground 
  (on 
  the 
  western 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  spur, 
  not 
  

   shown 
  in 
  the 
  map), 
  the 
  whole 
  hillside 
  has 
  slipped 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  northern 
  

   face 
  the 
  landslips 
  are 
  both 
  fewer 
  and 
  smaller. 
  The 
  small 
  spur 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  

   inspection 
  bungalow 
  and 
  charitable 
  dispensary 
  stand 
  displays 
  similar 
  effects. 
  On 
  

   the 
  south 
  side, 
  half 
  the 
  knoll 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  clerks' 
  houses 
  were 
  built 
  has 
  come 
  

   down, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  smaller 
  slip 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  charitable 
  dispensary. 
  

   On 
  the 
  northern 
  face, 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  rocks 
  have 
  fallen. 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  large 
  spur 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  cemetery 
  and 
  Forest 
  Officer's 
  bungalow 
  are 
  

   situated 
  has 
  small 
  landslips 
  on 
  both 
  sides. 
  The 
  spur 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  mission 
  com- 
  

   pound 
  lies 
  has 
  suffered 
  least 
  of 
  all, 
  there 
  being 
  only 
  one 
  small 
  slip 
  on 
  its 
  southern, 
  

   face. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  high 
  hill 
  immediately 
  behind 
  it 
  is 
  scarred 
  all 
  over. 
  

  

  (2) 
  Cracks 
  and 
  fissures.— 
  Cracks 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  everywhere, 
  but 
  

   chiefly 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  landslips 
  and 
  along 
  the 
  upper 
  edges 
  of 
  sloping 
  ground. 
  

   Their 
  direction 
  follows 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  hills. 
  Besides 
  them, 
  however, 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  

   good 
  many 
  on 
  the 
  level 
  crests 
  of 
  the 
  spurs 
  far 
  from 
  any 
  sloping 
  ground 
  and 
  

   running 
  in 
  various 
  directions. 
  In 
  some, 
  a 
  walking 
  stick 
  can 
  be 
  pushed 
  down 
  to 
  

   a 
  depth 
  of 
  2 
  or 
  3 
  feet. 
  " 
  

  

  "(3) 
  Ridges 
  and 
  furrows.— 
  In 
  the 
  western 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  spur 
  and 
  

   all 
  round 
  the 
  Civil 
  Surgeon's 
  quarters 
  to 
  the 
  distance 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  down 
  the 
  Man- 
  

  

  kacharroad, 
  where 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  

   lU. 
  >*JJ 
  / 
  / 
  1 
  sandy 
  and 
  the 
  surface 
  fairly 
  

  

  level, 
  the 
  ground 
  looks 
  as 
  if 
  a 
  

   steam 
  plough 
  had 
  passed 
  over 
  

   it, 
  tearing 
  up 
  the 
  turf 
  and 
  throw- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  clods 
  in 
  every 
  direction, 
  

   Fig 
  I. 
  some 
  up 
  hill 
  and 
  some 
  down, 
  and 
  

  

  n 
  many 
  cases 
  turning 
  the 
  sods 
  completely 
  over, 
  so 
  that 
  only 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  the 
  grass 
  

   ( 
  10 
  ) 
  

  

  