﻿THE 
  LANDSLIPS. 
  123 
  

  

  the 
  junction 
  stood 
  a 
  tall 
  fig 
  tree, 
  with 
  a 
  runk 
  of 
  about 
  six 
  feet 
  in 
  

   diameter, 
  but 
  rotten 
  at 
  the 
  core. 
  This 
  had 
  been 
  broken 
  off, 
  probably 
  

   by 
  the 
  earthquake, 
  and 
  the 
  rush 
  of 
  the 
  flood 
  wave 
  travelling 
  up 
  the 
  

   valley 
  had 
  picked 
  up 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  carried 
  it 
  full 
  quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  

   upstream. 
  

  

  The 
  indirect 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  flood 
  has 
  been 
  to 
  raise 
  the 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  

   Kulsi. 
  This 
  can 
  be 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  main 
  stream, 
  which 
  had 
  formerly 
  a 
  

   series 
  of 
  deep 
  pools 
  and 
  was 
  a 
  well 
  known 
  fishing 
  river, 
  but 
  now 
  

   flows 
  over 
  a 
  broad 
  and 
  shallow, 
  sandy 
  bed. 
  In 
  the 
  side 
  streams 
  it 
  is 
  

   even 
  more. 
  conspicuous, 
  for 
  the 
  raising 
  of 
  the 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  stream 
  

   has 
  ponded 
  up 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  them, 
  and 
  led 
  to 
  the 
  submergence 
  of 
  a 
  

   large 
  area 
  of 
  ground. 
  In 
  the 
  Dharan 
  the 
  streams 
  have 
  been 
  flooded 
  

   for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  five 
  miles 
  and 
  more 
  from 
  the 
  junction, 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  

   cultivation 
  of 
  Ukiam 
  village 
  submerged. 
  Close 
  to 
  the 
  junction, 
  I 
  

   found 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  20 
  feet 
  of 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  Dharan, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  local 
  and 
  

   due 
  to 
  the 
  scour 
  of 
  an 
  eddy 
  from 
  the 
  Kulsi 
  ; 
  further 
  back 
  the 
  

   depth 
  of 
  water 
  was 
  about 
  12 
  feet, 
  showing 
  that 
  the 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  Kulsi 
  

   had 
  here 
  been 
  raised 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  10 
  feet 
  above 
  its 
  former 
  level. 
  

   In 
  the 
  Lokia 
  Jcin 
  and 
  another 
  small 
  tributary 
  flooding 
  had 
  also 
  taken 
  

   place, 
  but 
  to 
  a 
  less 
  degree. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Sri 
  Nadi, 
  which 
  joins 
  the 
  Kulsi 
  just 
  above 
  the 
  Dharan 
  

   there 
  had 
  been 
  similar 
  flooding, 
  but 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  water 
  was 
  only 
  

   about 
  five 
  feet, 
  and 
  only 
  extended 
  a 
  short 
  distance, 
  to 
  a 
  sandy 
  delta 
  

   composed 
  of 
  material 
  brought 
  down 
  by 
  the 
  Sri 
  Nadi, 
  which 
  had 
  

   nearly 
  joined 
  on 
  to 
  the 
  deposits 
  in 
  main 
  stream. 
  The 
  Sri 
  Nadi 
  

   differs 
  from 
  the 
  other 
  tributaries 
  already 
  referred 
  to, 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  its 
  

   greater 
  size 
  but 
  in 
  draining 
  the 
  higher 
  hills 
  by 
  a 
  steep 
  sided, 
  narrow 
  

   gorge, 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  many 
  landslips. 
  Evidently 
  the 
  stuff 
  

   washed 
  down 
  from 
  these 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  stream 
  and 
  

   other 
  tributaries 
  joining 
  it 
  below 
  the 
  landslips 
  at 
  Sinya, 
  had 
  already 
  

   raised 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  bed 
  by 
  over 
  five 
  feet, 
  before 
  the 
  great 
  flood 
  

   came 
  down; 
  the 
  remaining 
  rise 
  of 
  five 
  feet, 
  being 
  due 
  to 
  this 
  flood 
  

   and 
  to 
  debris 
  brought 
  down 
  during 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  rainy 
  season. 
  

  

  ( 
  >23 
  ) 
  

  

  