﻿13S 
  OLDHAM: 
  GREAT 
  EARTHQUAKE 
  OF 
  1897. 
  

  

  between 
  the 
  main 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  range 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  the 
  portion 
  of 
  

   the 
  earth's 
  crust 
  which 
  lies 
  to 
  the 
  south. 
  The 
  consideration 
  of 
  the 
  

   nature 
  and 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  movement 
  which 
  has 
  caused 
  this 
  must, 
  

   however, 
  be 
  deferred. 
  

  

  After 
  this 
  brief 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  physical 
  geography 
  and 
  structure 
  

   of 
  the 
  country 
  concerned, 
  we 
  may 
  proceed 
  to 
  a 
  consideration 
  of 
  the 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  permanent 
  changes 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  earthquake. 
  These 
  

   may 
  be 
  classified 
  as 
  follows 
  .— 
  (1) 
  Faults 
  and 
  fractures, 
  (2) 
  differ- 
  

   ential 
  changes 
  of 
  level, 
  evidenced 
  by 
  interruptions 
  of 
  drainage, 
  un- 
  

   accompanied 
  by 
  faulting, 
  (3) 
  changes 
  of 
  level 
  evidenced 
  by 
  reported 
  

   changes 
  in 
  the 
  aspect 
  of 
  the 
  landscape, 
  and 
  (4) 
  changes 
  proved 
  by 
  

   a 
  re-observation 
  of 
  the 
  triangles 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  Trigonometrical 
  Survey. 
  1 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  faults 
  and 
  fractures, 
  the 
  most 
  conspicuous 
  example 
  is 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  Chedrang 
  fault, 
  as 
  I 
  shall 
  call 
  it, 
  from 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  

   stream 
  whose 
  valley 
  it 
  follows. 
  A 
  sketch 
  plan 
  of 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  course 
  

   of 
  this 
  fault, 
  showing 
  its 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  drainage 
  courses 
  it 
  crosses 
  

   is 
  given 
  on 
  Plate 
  XLII, 
  and 
  in 
  describing 
  it, 
  I 
  propose 
  to 
  start 
  at 
  

   the 
  point 
  where 
  it 
  dies 
  out, 
  or 
  at 
  any 
  rate 
  beyond 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  

   traceable, 
  some 
  six 
  or 
  seven 
  miles 
  SSE 
  from 
  where 
  the 
  Chedrang 
  

   enters 
  into 
  the 
  plains 
  at 
  Dilma. 
  

  

  At 
  this 
  point 
  the 
  fault 
  is 
  not 
  directly 
  recognisable 
  by 
  any 
  

   throw 
  at 
  the 
  surface, 
  but 
  the 
  hillside 
  is 
  very 
  much 
  fissured, 
  the 
  

   vegetation 
  has 
  been 
  much 
  disturbed, 
  and 
  not 
  a 
  few 
  small 
  trees 
  

   have 
  been 
  snapped 
  off 
  like 
  that 
  depicted 
  in 
  fig. 
  16, 
  p. 
  150. 
  

   Following 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  this 
  disturbance 
  to 
  the 
  NNW 
  the 
  fault 
  

   crosses 
  a 
  small 
  tributary, 
  with 
  a 
  throw 
  of 
  2 
  feet, 
  and 
  shortly 
  after 
  

   crosses 
  the 
  Chedrang 
  river 
  diagonally. 
  On 
  the 
  upstream 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  fault 
  a 
  depression 
  has 
  been 
  formed 
  which 
  was 
  almost 
  filled 
  up 
  

   by 
  a 
  deposit 
  of 
  sand. 
  

  

  Quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  down 
  stream 
  the 
  fault, 
  still 
  running 
  about 
  

   NNW 
  crosses 
  the 
  stream 
  once 
  more, 
  and 
  has 
  here 
  a 
  throw 
  of 
  about 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  results 
  of 
  this 
  re-observation 
  were 
  not 
  received 
  in 
  time 
  for 
  incorporation 
  in 
  the 
  body 
  

   of 
  this 
  report. 
  A 
  detailed 
  description 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  Appendix 
  G. 
  

  

  ( 
  138 
  ) 
  

  

  