﻿14§ 
  OLDHAM: 
  GREAT 
  EARTHQUAKE 
  OF 
  1 
  897. 
  

  

  side 
  as 
  indicated 
  in 
  the 
  plan 
  drawn 
  on 
  Plate 
  XL1I. 
  To 
  the 
  east 
  

   of 
  the 
  road 
  it 
  crosses 
  a 
  tributary 
  of 
  the 
  Ronghri, 
  down 
  whose 
  valley 
  

   the 
  road 
  runs, 
  and 
  has 
  ponded 
  up 
  the 
  water 
  for 
  a 
  length 
  of 
  about 
  

   quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile. 
  The 
  fault 
  then 
  crosses 
  a 
  tributary 
  of 
  this 
  stream 
  

   and, 
  running 
  up 
  over 
  the 
  hills, 
  forms 
  a 
  small 
  lake, 
  whose 
  old 
  outlet 
  is 
  

   now 
  dry, 
  a 
  new 
  outlet 
  having 
  been 
  formed 
  along 
  the 
  fault 
  line 
  ; 
  the 
  

   fault 
  runs 
  on 
  over 
  a 
  spur 
  and 
  once 
  more 
  crossing 
  the 
  tributary 
  

   stream 
  has 
  formed 
  a 
  small 
  lake. 
  It 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  for 
  about 
  a 
  mile 
  

   further, 
  following 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  minor 
  drainage, 
  till 
  it 
  dies 
  out 
  and 
  is 
  

   lost. 
  In 
  the 
  continuation 
  of 
  the 
  run 
  of 
  the 
  fault 
  in 
  this 
  direction 
  

   some 
  small 
  pools 
  were 
  seen 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  formed, 
  but 
  the 
  fault 
  could 
  

   not 
  be 
  traced 
  as 
  such. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  opposite 
  direction 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  for 
  rather 
  more 
  than 
  

   a 
  mile, 
  forming 
  several 
  small 
  pools 
  in 
  its 
  course, 
  and 
  is 
  lost 
  in 
  a 
  

   broad, 
  grassy 
  plain 
  over 
  which 
  the 
  flood 
  waters 
  of 
  a 
  stream, 
  whose 
  

   channel 
  had 
  been 
  dammed 
  by 
  the 
  fault; 
  found 
  their 
  way. 
  The 
  total 
  

   length 
  of 
  this 
  fault 
  is 
  thus 
  about 
  2\ 
  miles, 
  with 
  a 
  maximum 
  throw 
  of 
  

   10 
  feet, 
  dying 
  off 
  in 
  either 
  direction 
  to 
  nothing. 
  

  

  Leaving 
  for 
  the 
  present 
  the 
  mention 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  smaller 
  faults 
  which 
  

   were 
  observed, 
  we 
  may 
  proceed 
  to 
  the 
  consideration 
  of 
  the 
  Bordwar 
  

   fault-fissure, 
  or 
  fracture. 
  I 
  use 
  this 
  term 
  to 
  distinguish 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  

   faults 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  hand, 
  in 
  which 
  there 
  has 
  been 
  a 
  change 
  in 
  the 
  

   relative 
  levels 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  hand, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  

   from 
  the 
  earth 
  fissures 
  described 
  in 
  chapter 
  VII, 
  which 
  are 
  the 
  

   results 
  of 
  the 
  earthquake 
  wave, 
  being 
  in 
  no 
  way 
  connected 
  with 
  its 
  

   cause. 
  The 
  features 
  to 
  which 
  I 
  give 
  the 
  distinctive 
  name 
  of 
  fracture 
  

   are 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  nature 
  as 
  those 
  along 
  which 
  faults 
  are 
  formed, 
  

   differing 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  there 
  has 
  been 
  neither 
  up-and-down 
  

   or 
  sidelong 
  movement 
  along 
  them. 
  Like 
  the 
  faults 
  proper 
  they 
  are 
  

   directly 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  earthquake 
  and 
  are 
  foci 
  of 
  

   unusual 
  violence 
  of 
  shock. 
  

  

  The 
  largest 
  of 
  those 
  that 
  I 
  saw 
  was 
  what 
  I 
  shall 
  call 
  the 
  Bordwar 
  

   fracture, 
  from 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  tea 
  garden 
  through 
  which 
  it 
  runs. 
  

   ( 
  148 
  ) 
  

  

  