﻿2oS 
  OLDHAM: 
  GREAT 
  EARTHQUAKE 
  OF 
  1897. 
  

  

  been 
  turned 
  50 
  in 
  one 
  direction 
  or 
  40 
  in 
  other. 
  This 
  cannot 
  

   always 
  be 
  made 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  plans, 
  but 
  can 
  always 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  

   spot, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  easy 
  enough 
  to 
  determine 
  which 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  por- 
  

   tion 
  originally 
  coincided 
  with 
  which 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  lower. 
  The 
  direction 
  

   of 
  rotation 
  was, 
  consequently, 
  determined 
  in 
  every 
  case 
  by 
  observa- 
  

   tion 
  and 
  is 
  stated 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  description 
  as 
  positive 
  or 
  nega- 
  

   tive 
  ; 
  by 
  positive 
  is 
  meant 
  rotation 
  with 
  the 
  sun, 
  or 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  

   direction 
  as 
  the 
  hands 
  of 
  a 
  watch 
  lying 
  face 
  upwards 
  on 
  the 
  ground, 
  

   by 
  negative 
  is 
  meant 
  rotation 
  in 
  the 
  opposite 
  direction. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  imposing 
  and 
  striking 
  of 
  the 
  numerous 
  instances 
  of 
  

   twisting 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  monument 
  to 
  George 
  Inglis, 
  erected 
  1850, 
  at 
  

   Chhatak. 
  This 
  conspicuous 
  landmark 
  takes 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  an 
  obelisk 
  

   and 
  rising 
  from 
  a 
  base 
  12 
  ft. 
  square, 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  over 
  60 
  ft. 
  high 
  

   before 
  the 
  earthquake. 
  It 
  is 
  built 
  of 
  broad, 
  flat 
  bricks, 
  or 
  tiles, 
  laid 
  in 
  

   mortar 
  and 
  plastered 
  over, 
  and 
  is 
  represented, 
  in 
  its 
  present 
  state, 
  

   in 
  the 
  frontispiece, 
  while 
  a 
  plan 
  and 
  elevation 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  Plate 
  

   XXXV. 
  

  

  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  size 
  it 
  was 
  impossible 
  to 
  get 
  exact 
  measurements. 
  

   The 
  height 
  was 
  determined 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  an 
  Abney's 
  level, 
  and 
  the 
  

   position 
  of 
  the 
  twisted 
  portion 
  had 
  to 
  be 
  determined 
  by 
  perpendi- 
  

   culars 
  dropped 
  from 
  its 
  corners 
  on 
  to 
  the 
  pediment. 
  With 
  these 
  

   qualifications 
  the 
  following 
  particulars 
  may 
  be 
  accepted 
  as 
  substan- 
  

   tively 
  accurate. 
  

  

  The 
  topmost 
  6 
  ft. 
  2 
  in. 
  was 
  broken 
  off 
  and 
  fell 
  to 
  the 
  south, 
  while 
  

   the 
  next 
  9 
  ft. 
  was 
  thrown 
  to 
  the 
  east, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  plan 
  on 
  

   Plate 
  XXXV. 
  Of 
  the 
  remainder, 
  the 
  top 
  22 
  ft. 
  has 
  been 
  separated 
  

   at 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  about 
  23 
  ft. 
  from 
  the 
  ground, 
  and 
  twisted 
  negatively 
  

   through 
  30 
  . 
  The 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  lies 
  1*2 
  ft. 
  to 
  

   N 
  55 
  W 
  of 
  the 
  lower, 
  and 
  the 
  section 
  at 
  the 
  fracture 
  is 
  9 
  ft. 
  square. 
  

  

  The 
  upper 
  part 
  has 
  evidently 
  rocked 
  on 
  the 
  lower, 
  as 
  there 
  is 
  

   splintering 
  at 
  the 
  corners 
  and 
  edges, 
  and 
  below 
  the 
  fracture 
  a 
  slice 
  

   of 
  masonry 
  about 
  15 
  in. 
  thick, 
  which 
  was 
  not 
  bonded 
  into 
  the 
  main 
  

   ( 
  208 
  ) 
  

  

  