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  OLDHAM: 
  GREAT 
  EARTHQUAKE 
  OF 
  1897. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  33. 
  Watch 
  tower 
  on 
  Jail 
  

   wall, 
  Bhagalpur. 
  

  

  floor, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  so 
  evidently 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  peculiarities 
  in 
  the 
  construction 
  

   that 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  very 
  useful 
  for 
  determining 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  shock. 
  

  

  One 
  more 
  building 
  is 
  badly 
  injured 
  in 
  the 
  jail; 
  

   but 
  it 
  is 
  designed 
  in 
  a 
  manner 
  specially 
  liable 
  to 
  

   suffer 
  from 
  a 
  fatality 
  of 
  this 
  kind. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  

   watch-tower, 
  a 
  polygonal 
  building 
  with 
  arches 
  

   supporting 
  a 
  dome. 
  The 
  key 
  of 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  

   arches 
  has 
  become 
  displaced 
  by 
  the 
  shock, 
  and 
  

   determined 
  at 
  once 
  a 
  gaping 
  crack 
  which 
  could 
  no 
  

   longer 
  close 
  up. 
  These 
  have 
  given 
  way 
  in 
  the 
  

   same 
  manner 
  on 
  all 
  sides, 
  the 
  dome 
  itself 
  has 
  

   remained 
  without 
  support 
  and 
  is 
  cracked. 
  This 
  

   building, 
  however, 
  affords 
  no 
  clue 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  

   direction 
  of 
  the 
  shock 
  ; 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  from 
  

   the 
  plan 
  of 
  the 
  building 
  that 
  the 
  arches 
  are 
  

   particularly 
  weak 
  as 
  there 
  is 
  nothing 
  to 
  bear 
  the 
  horizontal 
  pressure 
  resulting 
  

   from 
  them, 
  and 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  voussoirs 
  gives 
  way 
  the 
  structure 
  is 
  hopelessly 
  

   wrecked, 
  for 
  the 
  cracks 
  cannot 
  close 
  up 
  again 
  as 
  they 
  might 
  in 
  a 
  building 
  con- 
  

   sisting 
  of 
  horizontal 
  layers. 
  

  

  The 
  choir 
  of 
  the 
  station 
  church 
  has 
  been 
  ruined 
  by 
  the 
  fall 
  of 
  a 
  pillar 
  and 
  of 
  

   the 
  roof 
  which 
  it 
  supported. 
  It 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  say 
  whether 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  pillar 
  that 
  

   brought 
  down 
  the 
  roof 
  or 
  the 
  roof 
  that 
  brought 
  down 
  the 
  pillar. 
  It 
  would 
  seem 
  

   that 
  the 
  damage 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  ascribed 
  rather 
  to 
  peculiarities 
  in 
  the 
  building 
  than 
  to 
  

   the 
  violence 
  of 
  the 
  shock. 
  

  

  The 
  building 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  central 
  nave 
  with 
  two 
  aisles. 
  As 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  

   the 
  following 
  diagram, 
  the 
  buttresses 
  give 
  the 
  building 
  an 
  illusory 
  appearance 
  

   of 
  solidity 
  for 
  they 
  merely 
  strengthen 
  the 
  outer 
  wall, 
  which 
  is 
  quite 
  disconnected 
  

   from 
  the 
  inner 
  row 
  of 
  pillars 
  and 
  arches 
  which 
  have 
  to 
  bear 
  the 
  weight 
  of 
  the 
  

   central 
  roof. 
  This 
  roof 
  is 
  supported 
  by 
  beams 
  and 
  by 
  wooden 
  arches, 
  both 
  

   transverse 
  and 
  diagonal. 
  The 
  beams 
  are 
  all 
  transverse 
  and 
  are 
  placed 
  both 
  upon 
  

   the 
  pillars 
  and 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  longitudinal 
  arches 
  of 
  the 
  masonry 
  wall. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  34. 
  Cross 
  section 
  of 
  church 
  at 
  Bhagalpur. 
  

  

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  304) 
  

  

  