﻿OLDHAM: 
  GREAT 
  EARTHQUAKE 
  OF 
  1897, 
  

  

  include, 
  for 
  purposes 
  of 
  comparison, 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  in 
  the 
  area 
  

   which 
  the 
  shock 
  was 
  felt. 
  The 
  mode 
  of 
  initiation 
  of 
  these 
  great 
  sea-waves 
  

   is 
  not 
  yet 
  fully 
  understood 
  ; 
  they 
  evidently 
  are 
  only 
  produced 
  when 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   sudden 
  displacement 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  mass 
  of 
  material 
  on 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  sea, 
  and 
  

   the 
  most 
  probable 
  hypothesis 
  is 
  that 
  this 
  displacement 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  sub- 
  

   marine 
  landslip. 
  It 
  is 
  certain 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  direct 
  connection 
  between 
  the 
  

   magnitude 
  of 
  the 
  earthquake 
  and 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  sea-wave. 
  Great 
  earthquakes, 
  

   even 
  when 
  they 
  originate 
  beneath 
  the 
  sea, 
  may 
  give 
  rise 
  to 
  quite 
  small 
  sea-waves, 
  

   on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  large 
  and 
  destructive 
  sea-waves 
  may 
  result 
  from 
  quite 
  mode- 
  

   rate 
  earthquakes. 
  In 
  either 
  case 
  the 
  wave 
  once 
  set 
  up 
  will 
  travel 
  till 
  it 
  reaches 
  

   land, 
  and 
  the 
  area 
  over 
  which 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  observed 
  is 
  only 
  limited 
  by 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  

   ocean. 
  

  

  Rejecting 
  the 
  sea-wave 
  as 
  useless 
  for 
  purposes 
  of 
  comparison, 
  we 
  may 
  turn 
  to 
  the 
  

   consideration 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  over 
  which 
  the 
  shock 
  was 
  felt 
  on 
  dry 
  land. 
  Throughout 
  

   Spain 
  and 
  Portugal 
  it 
  was 
  felt 
  with 
  varying 
  degrees 
  of 
  severity. 
  In 
  southern 
  

   France 
  the 
  shock 
  was 
  distinctly 
  felt 
  and 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  noticeable 
  even 
  in 
  

   Normandy, 
  but 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  felt 
  anywhere 
  in 
  England. 
  

  

  This 
  statement 
  may 
  be 
  considered 
  extraordinary 
  in 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  often 
  repeated 
  

   statement 
  that 
  the 
  Lisbon 
  earthquake 
  was 
  distincly 
  felt 
  in 
  the 
  Derbyshire 
  mines. 
  

   As 
  this 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  accepted 
  facts 
  of 
  seismology, 
  its 
  contradiction 
  

   requires 
  support, 
  and 
  I 
  consequently 
  reprint 
  here, 
  verbatim, 
  the 
  original 
  authority 
  

   on 
  which 
  the 
  statement 
  is 
  based. 
  

  

  LIX. 
  — 
  An 
  Account 
  of 
  the 
  Earthquake, 
  1st 
  November 
  iy 
  55, 
  as 
  felt 
  in 
  the 
  Lead 
  

   Mines 
  in 
  Derbyshire, 
  in 
  a 
  Letter 
  from 
  the 
  Reverend 
  Mr. 
  Bullock 
  to 
  Lewis 
  

   Crusius, 
  D.D., 
  F.R.S. 
  

  

  ASHFORD, 
  NEAR 
  BaKEWELL. 
  

  

  Derbyshire, 
  3rd 
  March 
  1756. 
  

   Rev. 
  Sir, 
  

  

  I 
  here 
  send 
  you 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  earthquake 
  which 
  happened 
  at 
  the 
  lead 
  

   mines 
  on 
  Eyam-edge 
  in 
  the 
  peak 
  of 
  Derbyshire, 
  on 
  Saturday 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  November 
  

   1755, 
  about 
  11 
  o'clock 
  in 
  the 
  forenoon. 
  I 
  made 
  a 
  strict 
  inquiry 
  at 
  the 
  mines, 
  on. 
  

   the 
  2 
  1 
  st 
  of 
  February 
  last, 
  both 
  for 
  my 
  own 
  and 
  your 
  satisfaction, 
  and 
  can 
  assure 
  

   you 
  that 
  the 
  circumstances 
  related 
  may 
  safely 
  be 
  relied 
  upon 
  as 
  matter 
  of 
  fact. 
  If 
  

   there 
  be 
  anything 
  in 
  my 
  power 
  which 
  you 
  would 
  choose 
  to 
  have 
  explained 
  more 
  

   particularlv, 
  please 
  to 
  communicate, 
  and 
  it 
  shall 
  be 
  done 
  with 
  the 
  greatest 
  pleasure 
  

  

  b 
  >> 
  

  

  Sir, 
  

  

  Your 
  most 
  obedient 
  and 
  obliged 
  humble 
  servant, 
  

  

  (Sd.) 
  William 
  Bullock. 
  

  

  Francis 
  Mason, 
  overseer, 
  says, 
  that 
  he 
  sat 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  room, 
  which 
  he 
  uses 
  to 
  

   write 
  in 
  j 
  it 
  stands 
  about 
  forty 
  yards 
  from 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  engine 
  shafts. 
  

   He 
  felt 
  one 
  shock, 
  which 
  very 
  sensibly 
  raised 
  him 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  chair, 
  and 
  caused 
  

   several 
  pieces 
  of 
  lime 
  or 
  plaster 
  to 
  drop 
  from 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  room 
  ; 
  the 
  roof 
  of 
  it 
  

  

  ( 
  372 
  ) 
  

  

  